Pediatrics and Strabismus Vol. 3

Question 1

What is the primary use of the 40 base-out prism test?

Answer 1

To document the presence of a small, facultative scooma

Question 2

What is the purpose of the afterimage test?

Answer 2

To determine wheter a patient has NRC or ARC

Question 3

What is the most common causa of unilateral vision loss of childhood?

Answer 3

Amblyopia

Question 4

What is the most common causa of amblyopia?

Answer 4

Strabismus

Question 5

What is the second most common cause of amblyopia, following strabismus?

Answer 5

Anisometropia

Question 6

What is the most common cause of deprivation amblyopia?

Answer 6

Congenital or early aquired cataract

Question 7

What is the most important test for detecting the presence of manifest strabismus and differentiating between a phoria and tropia?

Answer 7

Cover-uncover test

Question 8

What is the purpose of the alternate cover test?

Answer 8

To measure the total deviation of strabismus

Question 9

In what type of patient is the Lancaster red-green test most usefuI?

Answer 9

Patients with incomitant stabismus and NRC

Question 10

What type of patient is the Hess screen test most useful?

Answer 10

Patients with paretic or paralytic strabismus and NRC

Question 11

What is the most common cause of pseudostrabismus?

Answer 11

Pseudoesotropia caused by coverage of the nasalsclera by wide, nasalbridge and epicanthalfolds of infancy

Question 12

What is angle kappa?

Answer 12

Angle between the visual axis and the anatomical pupillary axis

Question 13

What causes a positive angle kappa?

Answer 13

Fovea temporal to the pupillary axis

Question 14

What type of deviation is simulated by a positive angle kappa?

Answer 14

Exodeviation

Question 15

What causes a negative angle kappa?

Answer 15

Fovea nasal to the pupillary axis

Question 16

What type of deviation is simulated by a negative angle kappa?

Answer 16

Esodeviation

Question 17

What is an A pattem?

Answer 17

Esotropia greatest in upgaze or exotropia greatest in downgaze

Question 18

What is a V pattern?

Answer 18

Esotropia greatesting in downgaze or exotropia greatest in upgaze

Question 19

What is the normal near point of convergence?

Answer 19

8 to 10 cm or less

Question 20

What is the normal field of binocular fixation?

Answer 20

40 to 50 degrees from the fixation point

Question 21

What is the approximate amount of stereopsis measured by the Stereo Fly Test?

Answer 21

3500 seconds of arc

Question 22

What medication used for cycloplegic refraction has been associated with causing hypnotic effect?

Answer 22

Scopolamine

Question 23

What medication can be used in the treatment of atropine overdose?

Answer 23

Physostigmine

Question 24

What is the most common type of deviation seen in patients with strabismus?

Answer 24

Esotropia

Question 25

What is the normal refractive error in young children?

Answer 25

1- 2 D of hyperopia

Question 26

What is the most common surgical procedure of repair of congenital esotropia?

Answer 26

Bilateral medial rectus recession

Question 27

What is the most commonly used non-surgical treatment option of nonrefractive accomodativa esotropia?

Answer 27

Bifocals

Question 28

What medication has been associated with causing pupillary cysts?

Answer 28

Echothiophata iodide

Question 29

What type of medications should be used with caution in patients taking echothiphate iodide?

Answer 29

Depolarizing muscle relaxants (eg. succinylcholine)

Question 30

What is the mechanism of action of echothiophate iodide?

Answer 30

Long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor

Question 31

What is thought to be the cause of congenital sixth nerve palsy that resolves spontaneously?

Answer 31

Increased intracranial pressure during birth

Question 32

What medication can be used to reduce the risk of pupillary cyst fonnation caused by echothiophate iodide?

Answer 32

Phenylephrine

Question 33

What is the most effective treatment of cyclic esotropia?

Answer 33

Surgery