Pediatrics Flashcards
Normal fetal HR
100-180 beats/minute
Number 1 cause of death in infants
Congenital Heart Disease (CHD)
Bacterial endocarditis cause in children
Poor dental hygiene
Critical Congenital Heat Disease (CCHD)
Symptoms appear after shunts close
Risks for developing CHD
- Environment
- Prenatal
- Genetic factors
Heart failure
Occurs when the cardiac output is unable to meet the metabolic demands of the body
Eisenmenger Syndrome
Reversal of shunting of a VSD, causing deoxygenated blood to flow into circulation
Defects that cause hypoxemia/cyanosis
- Lesions that cause R - L shunting
- Defects mixing unsaturated w/ saturated blood
- Transposition of great arteries
Severe hypoxemia in infants
- Feeding intolerance
- Poor weight gain
- Tachypnea/Dyspnea
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
- Vessel located b/w main and left pulmonary arteries
- Allows blood to shunt from PA to aorta
- Present in 5-10% of CHD
Ventricular Septal Defect (SPD)
Abnormal communication between the ventricles
Most common type of congenital heart lesion
VSD
VSD cause which type of shunting?
Left to Right
Symptoms of VSD
- Murmur
- HF
- Poor weight gain
Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect
Results from nonfusion of endocardial cushions
AVCs are most common in
children with Trisomy 21
Left to Right shunting causes
- Increased pulmonary blood flow
2. HF
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
- Large VSD high in septum
- Overriding aorta that straddles VSD
- Pulmonary stenosis
- RV hypertrophy
Most common cyanotic congenital heart defect
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
Tetralofy of Fallot (TOF) symptoms
- Cyanosis
- Clubbing (chronic)
- Hypercyanotic spell
- Slow growth
Tricuspid atresia
Imperforate tricuspid valve
Tricuspid atresia s/s
- Central cyanosis
- Poor growth
- Exertional dyspnea
- Hypoxemia
Obstructive defects of heart
- Coarctation of aorta
- Aortic stenosis
- Pulmonary stenosis
Mixing defects of the heart
- Transposition of great arteries
- Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
- Truncus Arteriosus
- Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Kawasaki Disease
Systemic vasculitis that results in cardiac sequelae
Kawasaki Disease symptoms
- Fever
- Conjunctivitis
- Strawberry tongue
- Rash
- Lymphadenopathy
Kawasaki treatments
- Aspirin
- IVIG
- Symptomatic treatment
Systemic Hypertension secondary to
- Renal disease
- Cardiovascular disease
- Adrenal tumors
- Space-occupying lesions
- Trauma
- Drugs
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) risk is highest
2-4 months of age
