Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Course 2 - Orthopedics > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the important anatomical distinctions between peds and adult fractures?

A

peds have thicker (and more vascularized) periosteum and high vascularity around growth plate (physis), also increased cartilage and decreased (flexible) bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define epiphysis, diaphysis, metaphysis, and apophysis

A
  • Epiphysis = end of the bone next to the joint
  • Metaphysis = adjacent to the growth plate before the diaphysis
  • Diaphysis = shaft of the bone
  • Apophysis = developmental outgrowth of bone attachment sites for tendons and ligaments (variable appearances and are often mistaken for fracture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the processes of peds fracture healing?

A

remodeling or growth arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does the presence of a non-fused growth plate indicate?

A

pt skeletally immature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what site in the bone is most susceptible to avulsions in peds?

A

apophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the most common class of peds fracture (Salter-Harris)?

A

type 2 (SHF) through growth plate and metaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

can kids remodel intra-articular fractures?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the most common peds fracture?

A

distal radius –> hand –> elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the ossification centres in kids?

A

Capitulum, radial head, medial epicondyle, trochlea, olecranon, lateral epicondyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why are fractures at the wrist and elbow especially dangerous?

A

proximity to vessels can lead to displaced fracture w vascular compromise (needs emergent surgical reduction) and nerve injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what complication is often associated with elbow dislocation?

A

medial epicondyle impacted fracture

closed reduction; check stability and ROM after reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why do ACL tears in peds need special operation?

A

save growth plate, prevent growth arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

difference between peds and adult acute knee injuries?

A

peds commonly need MRI

don’t tend to dislocate their knee when growth plate is still open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what two cranial fractures are indicative of NAT?

A

bucket handle fracture and corner fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the reduction maneuver for pulled elbow?

A

supinate and flex elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the most common route of infection in septic arthritis?

A

hematogenous-bacteremia associated w UTI/skin/GI infections

other:

direct inoculation (foreign object)

contiguous spread: osteomyelitis

17
Q

what is the pathogenesis of septic arthritis?

A

bacteria deposit in synovium, produce inflammation and spread to synovial fluid, inflammatory products destroy joint components (swelling, pain)

18
Q

what is the gold standard Dx for septic arthritis?

A

joint aspirate and WBC count

19
Q

what are the kocher criteria for septic arthritis?

A

fever 38.5, refuse to bear wt, ESR 40mm/hr, WBC >12,000

20
Q

how do we differentiate between septic arthritis and toxic synovitis?

A

synovitis: inflammatory, after viral illness, fever absent, WBC/ESR normal, bland aspirate, negative culture

diagnosis of exclusion

21
Q

what is the most common ortho disorder of newborns?

A

developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH); instability of the hip joint

22
Q

what maneuvers can be used to Dx DDH?

A

ortolani, barlow, galleazi

  • Ortolani: assumption that ball is out of socket and you are pushing it in
  • Barlow: assumption that ball is in socket and you are pushing it out
  • Galleazi: leg height discrepancy
23
Q

what risk factors contribute to DDH?

A

female, breech birth, low aminotic fluid, first born, swaddling

24
Q

what is the Tx for DDH?

A

pavlik harness (concentric reduction; frog leg position), surgery if needed

25
Q

what causes Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)?

A

prox femoral physis lead to shearing and displacement

26
Q

things to look for when suspecting NAT

A
  • Subdural hematoma
  • Shaken baby
  • Old fractures
  • Vision
  • Failure to thrive
  • Inconsistent story
27
Q

causative agents of septic arthritis

A
  • Neonates: streptococcus, gram negative
  • Infants & Children: staph, haemophilus influenza, salmonella
  • Adolescent: staph, nesseria gonorrhoea
  • Adults: staph, strep, gram negative
  • IV drug: pseudomonas and atypical organisms
28
Q

what is Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

A

Idiopathic avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis

29
Q

10 features that make you suspect non-accidental trauma

A
  • Age
  • Social situation
  • Delayed presentation
  • Unlikely story
  • Low weight
  • Delayed developmental milestones
  • Twin
  • Difficult/irritable baby
  • Previous hospitalizations for respiratory illness
  • Bruises on her spine

Course 2 - Orthopedics (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions