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PCM II Final Exam > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two reasons you should vaccinate?

A

1) Individual Immunity: long-term protection

2) Herd Immunity: Provides community with protection.

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2
Q

Is the threshold of herd immunity different for different diseases?

A

Yes! For example measles needs 85-90% of the population need to be vaccinated.

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3
Q

How many different types of vaccines are there?

A

Four

1) Inactivated/Toxoids
2) Conjugated
3) Live Attenuated
4) Inactivated/Killed

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4
Q

What are Inactivated/toxoid vaccines?

A

Includes the “parts” that best stimulate immune response?

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5
Q

What are examples of inactivated/toxoid vaccines?

A

Tetanus, diphtheria

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6
Q

What are conjugated vaccines?

A
  • Pathogens are surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule
  • Immunogenic: Will trigger immune response (T-cell dependent)
  • Immune Response strengthened when pathogen is conjugated with carrier protein?
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7
Q

What are examples of conjugated vaccines?

A
  • Meningococcal
  • Pneumococcal
  • Haemophilus Influenzae B
  • Hepatitis B
  • Influenza (injection)
  • HPV
  • Pertussis (whooping cough)
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8
Q

What are live attenuated vaccines?

A
  • Stronger mucosal immunity develops

- Not for those who are immunocompromised

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9
Q

What are examples of live attenuated vaccines?

A
  • MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)
  • Varicella
  • Rotavirus
  • Influenza (nasal spray)
  • Zoster (shingles) for adult
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10
Q

How often do you need the influenza vaccine?

A

Over 9 y/o: Every year

6 mo - 9: 2 doses separated by 28 days

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11
Q

What is found in the influenza vaccine?

A

It is a quadrivalent: Two As and two Bs

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12
Q

Who should not get the influenza vaccine?

A

The young, the old, the ill

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13
Q

How many meningococcal vaccines are there?

A

2 - they protect against strains A/C/Y and W-135

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14
Q

What age group is mostly affected by meningococcal strains A/C/Y and W-135?

A

Children over age 11

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15
Q

When should you get meningococcal vaccines?

A

First dose: Age 11-12

Second Dose: Age 16-18

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16
Q

When should you get meningococcal vaccine that targets serogroup B? Who does that strain mostly affect?

A
  • Mostly affects young adults ages 11-25
  • It is the meningitis you hear college kids getting
  • Vaccine recommended at age 16
17
Q

What does strep pneumoniae cause?

A
  • Respiratory Tract Disease (pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis)
  • Bacteremia
  • Meningitis

*Mostly found in kids

18
Q

What does Haemophilus Influenzae Type B cause?

A
  • Bacteremia
  • Meningitis
  • Cellulitis
  • Epiglottitis
19
Q

What is Haemophilus Influenzae Type B antigen conjugated with?

A

Tetanus or Neisseria meningitidis-derived carrier protein

  • 3-4 doses
  • 12-15 m.o, age 2, 4, (6)
20
Q

What does Hepatitis B cause?

A
  • Acute and chronic liver disease
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma
  • Death
21
Q

When are vaccines started for Hepatitis B?

A

3 series: Birth, 1-2 mo, 6 months

22
Q

How many vaccines are there for Hepatitis A?

A

2: 12 months, 18-30 months

23
Q

What does Diphtheria cause?

A
  • Acute membranous pharyngitis

- Can cause respiratory obstruction

24
Q

What does Pertussis cause?

A
  • Whooping Cough: “100 day cough”
  • Pneumonia
  • Apnea,
  • Seizures
  • Encephalopathy
  • High mortality for infants
25
Q

What does Tetanus cause?

A
  • Severe muscle spams provoked by neurotoxins

- Can progress to respiratory failure

26
Q

When should you get the series of vaccines for Diphtheria, Pertussis, and tetanus?

A

2 mo, 4 mo, 6 mo, 15-18 mo, 4-6 years

27
Q

How often should you get Td booster?

A

Every 10 years

28
Q

When do you get polio vaccines?

A

2, 4, 6-18 mo, 4-6 years

29
Q

What can HPV cause?

A
  • Genital warts and cancers
  • Anal, head and neck cancers
  • lyryngeal papillomatosis (rare)
30
Q

What are the common vaccines given for HPV?

A
  • Type 16 and 18 are most common (protection for cervical cancers
  • 40 types of HPV
31
Q

When should you get the HPV vaccine?

A

Ages 11-2

32
Q

What does Measles-Mumps-Rubella and Varicella cause?

A
  • Varicella infection (chickenpox)
  • Varicella meningoencephalitis
  • Secondary complications of cellulitis and pneumonia
33
Q

When should you give MMR and varicella vaccines?

A

2 doses: 12 mo, 4-6 years

34
Q

What does rotavirus vaccine prevent?

A

Prevents acute diarrheal disease in healthy infants

35
Q

When should you give rotavirus vaccines?

A

2 or 3 doses: 2, 4, (6) months

36
Q

How effective are vaccines?

A

SUPER EFFECTIVE! VACCINATE YOUR GOD DAMN KIDS! THEY WILL NOT GET AUTISM!

PCM II Final Exam (1 decks)

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