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Pediatrics/Geriatrics > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

at what minute intervals is the APGAR score done in neonates?

A

1
3
10 min

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2
Q

What does APGAR stand for

A 
A - activity
P - pulse
G - grimace
A - appearance
R- respiration
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3
Q

an APGAR score of ______ means they are in excellent condition

A

7-10

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4
Q

what is released during breast feeding that gives mom the “high”

A

oxytocin

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5
Q

T or F: your patient just gave birth via C-section, so the newborn does not need the erythromycin eye ointment

A

FALSE - bacterial conjunctivitis can travel up the uterus still - every baby gets it

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6
Q

upon inspection of a newborn, you notice speckled iris and medial epicanthic folds - what are the eye speckles and what are you thinking is the cause?

A

Brushfield Spots

Down Syndrome

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7
Q

hypoglycemia in neonates is serum glucose < ___ mg/dL

A

40

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8
Q

T or F: after birth, you notice that the baby is grunting, cyanotic, and in respiratory distress. Quickly hand the baby to the mom for skin-to-skin, this will resolve the issue

A

FALSE - meconium aspiration; do NOT give to mom, go to warmer and suction

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9
Q

you can predict the levels of bilirubin by the level of jaundice on skin. How much bilirubin if the jaundice reaches to the nipples (no abdomen/arms)

A

<12 mg/dL

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10
Q

at what level of bilirubin do you need to do blood transfusion?

A

> 20-25 mg/dL

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11
Q

T or F: pathologic jaundice should never happen within first 24 hours of life

A

True (if levels >5 mg/dL in first 24 hours = pathologic jaundice)

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12
Q

what is kernicterus?

A

brain damage, coma, death from too much bilirubin

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13
Q

what is breast milk jaundice?

A

around 1 week of age, infants become jaundiced due to dehydration from low milk volume

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14
Q

Your infant patient is turning 1 in 3 days; but her mother can’t come back then for her MMR. Just give it to the baby now.

A

FALSE! only give MMR if 12 months of older - not a day before

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15
Q

The Tanner stages have how many stages?

A

5

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16
Q

at what stage of Tanner staging do physical changes begin (thicker pubic hair, longer/larger penis, breasts expand) - around age 12-13 years

A

Stage 3

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17
Q

At what Tanner stage does the brain begin to send signals to prepare for physical changes

A

Stage 1

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18
Q

At what tanner stage is puberty in full swing (scrotum darkens, deeper/cracking voice, girls get first period)

A

Stage 4

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19
Q

what tanner stage is the beginning of physical development?

A

stage 2

20
Q

this is the final stage of Tanner staging, and the end of physical maturation

A

stage 5

21
Q

female puberty begins with thelarche - what is thelarche?

A

appearance of FIRST breast tissue

22
Q

how long after appearance of mature pubic hair does menses begin?

A

1 year after

23
Q

SIDS is death in infant under the age of ______

A

1 year

24
Q

SIDS incidence peaks at what age?

A

2-3 months

25
Q

What is the difference between contact and noncontact trauma that contributes to Shaken Baby Syndrome

A

Contact: direct impact to local area - scalp hematomas, skull fractures

Noncontact: acceleration of head

26
Q

A mother brings her infant in, and you notice that he is having decreased muscle tone and appetite, is extremely irritable, and lethargic. The mother further complains of poor sucking and swallowing abilities. What is at the top of your DDX?

A

Shaken baby syndrome

27
Q

T or F: using an infant swing, tossing child in air, and bouncing child on knee are NOT violent enough to cause injuries associated with SBS

A

True

28
Q

Colic is defined as crying for ___ hours per day, ____ or more days per week, for ____ weeks

A

3+

29
Q

use the acronym PURPLE for Colic - what do the letters mean?

A 
P - peaks at 2 months
U - unpredictable
R - resistant to soothing
P - pain-like expression
L - long bouts
E - evening crying
30
Q

what is the leading cause of death for kids > 1 year?

A

unintentional injuries

31
Q

what should you set the water heater to, in order to prevent scalding?

A

120 F

32
Q

how long can you leave children <7 years alone for?

A

NEVER

33
Q

how long can you leave an 8 year old alone for?

A

no more than 2 hours

34
Q

how long can you leave a 9 year old alone for?

A

no more than 4 hours

35
Q

how much daily iron is recommended for breastfeeding infants at 4 months old?

A

1 mg/kg/day

36
Q

how much vitamin D is required for breastfed babies?

A

400 IU/day

37
Q

when starting to feed your baby (breastmilk), start small. How many ounces every 2 hours is ok?

A

2 ounces every 2 hours

38
Q

how many ounces daily should 4-6 month olds be fed?

A

6-7 ounces

39
Q

T or F: formula/breast milk is the infant’s MAIN food intake until 1 year of age

A

True

40
Q

when is it necessary to supplement fluoride?

A

6 months, only for those without access to fluoride-filled water at home

41
Q

your distressed patient has a newborn baby who is not sleeping through the night. you inform her that her baby probably won’t sleep 6 full hours until age ____

A

3-4 months

42
Q

T or F: keeping the colicky baby awake as late as possible will help her sleep through the night

A

FALSE - does more harm than good keeping them up.

43
Q

sleep disruption is common at _____ months

A

9 months

44
Q

what is the definition of enuresis

A

bed-wetting after 5 years old

45
Q

how do you treat an infant with hypoglycemia?

A

give infant formula or breast milk until glucose is stable (IV if needed)

46
Q

If nuchal rigidity is found in fetal US, and you suspect Down syndrome, what are your next steps?

A

Genetic testing for diagnosis and ECHO to assess ventricular function

47
Q

Newborns bilirubin levels at 4 hours of life is 7 mg/dL. Is this a concern?

A

Yes - greater Than 5 within first 24 hours is risk of kernicterus

Pediatrics/Geriatrics (2 decks)

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