Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What diseases cause a rash of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet?

A

Enterovirus (cocksackie A - hand, foot, mouth disease)

Syphilis

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Kawasaki disease

Toxic shock syndrome (also diffuse rash)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 month anticipatory guidance and screening

A

Parental well-being Infant behavior Infant-family synchrony Nutritional adequacy Safety Universal screening: metabolic and hemoglobinopathy, hearing Selective screening: blood pressure, vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

12 month anticipatory guidance and screening

A

Family support Establishing routines Feeding and appetite changes Establishing a dental home Safety Universal screening: anemia, lead (high prevalence/Medicaid) Selective: oral health, blood pressure, vision, hearing, TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

24 month anticipatory guidance and screening

A

Assessment of language development Temperament and behavior Toilet training Television viewing Safety Universal screening: autism, lead (high prevalence/Medicaid) Selective: oral health, blood pressure, vision, hearing anemia, TB, dyslipidemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

5 year anticipatory guidance and screening

A

School readiness Mental health Nutrition and physical activity Oral health Safety Universal screening: vision, hearing Selective screening: anemia, lead, TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

10 year anticipatory guidance and screening

A

School Development and mental health Nutrition and physical activity Oral health Safety Universal screening: vision, hearing Selective screening: anemia, TB, dyslipidemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

15 year anticipatory guidance and screening

A

Physical growth and development Social and academic competence Emotional well-being Risk reduction Violence and injury prevention Universal screening: vision Selective: hearing, anemia, TB, dyslipidemia, STIs, pregnancy, alcohol or drug use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

2 month immunizations

A

Hepatitis B Rotavirus DTap Hib PCV IPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

4 month immunizations

A

Rotavirus DTap Hib PCV IPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

6 month immunizations

A

Hep B Rotavirus DTap Hib PCV IPV Influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

12 month immunizations

A

Hib PCV IPV Influenza MMR Varicella Hep A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

4-6 year immunizations

A

DTap IPV Influenza MMR Varicella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

11-12 year immunizations

A

Influenza Tdap HPV Meningococcal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

16 year immunizations

A

Influenza Meningococcal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CXR findings of TTN vs. RDS

A

TTN: wet lungs (fluid in fissure), no bronchograms RDS: ground-glass appearance, bronchograms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treatment of pyelonephritis

A

IV ampicillin/gentamicin > IV ceftriaxone > IV pipperacilin/tazobactam > IV ciprofloxacin (only if child > 1) Oral cephalexin Renal ultrasound If abnormal ultrasound or recurrent UTI –> VCUC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Criteria of Kawasaki disease

A

Fever > 5 days Changes in oral mucosa Extremity changes (redness/swelling) Unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy Rash Conjunctivitis

18
Q

SCFE

A

Knee pain Medially rotated foot Limited ROM of hip External rotation of hip upon raising leg Dx: lateral and AP xray Tx: internal fixation

19
Q

Transient synovitis

A

Recent URI Low-grade fever Tx: rest and ibuprofen; resolves in 3-10 days

20
Q

Reactive arthritis

A

A few weeks after recent bacterial gastroenteritis or genitourinary infection; antibodies attack joint a/w urethritis, conjunctivitis

21
Q

Septic arthritis

A

Fever Non weight-bearing Elevated ESR Elevated WBC

22
Q

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

A

Non-thrombocytopenic pupura Hematuria Arthritis, esp. of knees and ankles Colicky abdominal pain Recent URI Tx: acetaminophen for pain; self-resolves Complications: chronic kidney disease, intestinal bleeding

23
Q

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

A

Often follows URI Asymptomatic petechiae Thrombocytopenia

24
Q

Intussusception

A

Invagination of bowel Lead point may be peyers patch (viral infection), Meckel’s diverticulum, tumor Paroxysms of severe abdominal pain Currant jelly stool Sausage-shaped mass in right abdomen Dx: target sign on ultrasound Tx: air or barium enema

25
Scarlet fever
Group A strep infection Fever Fine, sandpaper rash that starts in the groin, axillae, and neck but spreads rapidly Pastia's sign (linear petechiae in body folds) Tx: abx within 9 days to prevent rheumatic fever (tx will not prevent PSGN)
26
Pyloric stenosis
Projectile, non-bilious vomiting after feeds Palpable olive-shaped epigastric mass Hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis Dx: pyloric ultrasound Tx: IVF for rehydration, pyloromyotomy
27
Bordetella pertussis
Triphasic: catarrhal, paroxysmal (whooping cough), convalescent
28
Laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)
Caused by parainfluenza virus More common in the winter URI symptoms Barking cough Inspiratory stridor
29
Roseola
Caused by HHV-6 Maculopapular rash that starts on the trunk and spreads outward Rash preceded by fever
30
Parvovirus B19
Erythema infectiosum Slapped-cheek rash, lacy appearance Pain and swelling of joints May precipitate aplastic anemia
31
Measles
Prodrome fever Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis Rash spreads downward Koplik spots on buccal mucosa
32
DKA
Nausea, vomiting, altered mental status, polyuria, abdominal pain, hyperglycemia, hyponatremia, elevated BUN and creatinine (dehydration pre-renal azotemia), normal potassium Dx: random blood glucose \> 200, pH
33
What is associated with a port-wine stain in the distribution of CNV1?
Sturge-Weber syndrome Check for vascular abnormalities in the brain
34
What is associated with port-whine stains of the face?
von Hippel-Lindau Check for vascular lesions of the retina and brain
35
Caput succedaneum vs. cephalohematoma
Caput is edema above the periosteum and thus crosses sutures Cephalohematoma is fluctuance below the periosteum and thus doesn't cross sutures
36
Infant growth guidelines
Weight should triple and length should increase by 50% by 12 months
37
Contraindications to rotavirus vaccine
Anaphylaxis to vaccine ingredients History of intussusception History of uncorrected congenital malformation of GI tract (e.g. Meckel's diverticulum) SCID
38
Juvenile arthritis
Autoimmune, symmetric arthritis for at least 6 weeks Labs: elevated ESR and CRP, hyperferritinemia, hypergammaglobulinemia, thrombocytosis, anemia
39
Presentation and management of Tetrology of Fallot
Clinical features: RVOT obstruction, RV hypertrophy, overriding aorta, VSD S&S: hypercyanotic, hypoxic "tet" spell, crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur with agitation or exertion (e.g. feeding, crying, hyperventilation) Pathophysiology: agitation or exertion → infundibular spasm → increased RVOT obstruction → R to L shunt Management: knee-chest positioning (kinks femoral arteries → increased systemic vascular resistance → L to R shunt), inhaled oxygen, IV fluids
40
Holosystolic murmur with late diastolic rumble in children
VSD
41
Continuous machine like murmur in newborns
PDA
42
Wide fixed and split S2
ASD