Pediatrics

Question 1

What are the TORCHS infections?

Answer 1

Toxoplasmosis
Other (Syphilis, Varicella-zoster, Parvovirus B19)
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex

Question 2

What is the APT test?

Answer 2

Used to differentiate fetal blood from swallowed maternal blood in the evaluation of bloody vomit or stools.

Question 3

What are the physical/motor aspects of development present at 1 month of age?

Answer 3

Reacts to pain

Question 4

What are the physical/motor aspects of development present at 2 months of age?

Answer 4

Eyes follow object to midline

Head up prone

Question 5

What are the social aspects of development present at 1 month of age?

Answer 5

Endogenous smile

Question 6

What are the physical/motor aspects of development present at 4 months of age?

Answer 6

Eyes follow object past midline
Rolls over from supine to prone
Sits with support

Question 7

What are the social aspects of development present at 2 months of age?

Answer 7

Exogenous smile

Question 8

What are the social aspects of development present at 4 months of age?

Answer 8

Preferential social smile

Question 9

What are the language aspects of development present at 4 months of age?

Answer 9

Laughs aloud

Question 10

What are the physical/motor aspects of development present at 6 months of age?

Answer 10

Transfers objects from hand to hand
Rolls from prone to supine
Sits well unsupported

Question 11

What are the social aspects of development present at 6 months of age?

Answer 11

Stranger anxiety

Question 12

What are the language aspects of development present at 6 months of age?

Answer 12

Babbles

Question 13

What are the physical/motor aspects of development present at 9 months of age?

Answer 13

Pincer grasp of items (closer to 10 months)
Stands with help (as early as 8 months)
Crawls on their own
Cruises by pinching or holding on to furniture (closer to 10 months)
Fear of falling

Question 14

What are the social aspects of development present at 9 months of age?

Answer 14

Responds to pat-a-cake or peek-a-boo

Question 15

What are the language aspects of development present at 9 months of age?

Answer 15

Repetitive responding

Can say mama, dada or bye bye

Question 16

What are the physical/motor aspects of development present at 1 year of age?

Answer 16

Pats pictures in a book
Can stack 3 - 4 cubes (closer to 18 months)
Able to walk (by 13 months)
Ascends stairs step by step in child manner
Emergence of hand preference (around 18 months)
Kicks or throws a ball

Question 17

What are the social aspects of development present at 1 year of age?

Answer 17

Separation anxiety
Walking away from mom can cause anxiety
Dependence on parental figure/ primary caregiver
Onlooker play (one child watches and the other plays)Parallel play (both children play alone but are comforted by fact that other child is nearby)

Question 18

Why do newborns get polycythemia?

Answer 18

• During delivery the head and umbilical cord become compressed leading to hypoxia.
• Hypoxia increases erythropoietin from kidneys which increases RBC production in the liver, spleen, flat and long bones.

Question 19

What is the average hemoglobin in a neonate vs adult?

Answer 19

Neonate: 18-20 g/dl

Adult 12-17 g/dl

Question 20

What causes physiological jaundice in the newborn?

Answer 20

• Excess RBC’s are removed by the spleen causing splenomegaly.
• Digestion of RBC’s increases unconjugated bilirubin causing physiological jaundice.
• 90% due to increased RBC destruction.
• 10% due to slow metabolism of bilirubin because liver does not mature until 2 months of age

Question 21

What are the newborn screening exams?

Answer 21

PKU (Guthrie test)
Hypothyroidism (TSH)
Congenital Adrenal Hypoplasia
Biotinidase deficiency
Galactosemia
Transglutaminase
Immunoreactive Trypsin