Pediatrics Flashcards
What is assessed during APGAR scoring
Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration
Appearance score 0, 1, 2
2 = no cyanosis; body & extremitiespink 1 = blue at extremities, body pink (Acrocyanosis) 0 = Blue & pale all over
Pulse score
2 = > 100
1 =
Grimace
(Reflex irritability)
2= cry or pull away when stimulated
1 = grimace/ feeble cry when stimulated
0no response to stimulation
Activity score
(Muscle Tone)
2 = flexed arms and legs that resist extension
1 = some flextime
0 = none
Respiration score
Breathing
2 = strong lusty cry
1 = weak irregular gasping
0 = absent
Primative reflexes
Moro Galant Fencer Rooting Palmar Grasp
2 months
Lift head when prone ( when on stomach)
Turn head to sound
Cooing, some focalization
4 months
Rolls front to back (four & front) Puts support on wrists when prone Babbles with expression Reaches for and can hold a toy and shake it Look for source of sound
6 months
Rolls back to front Sits without support Transfers objects hand to hand Holds own bottle Imitates speech sounds Ready for solid food
9 months
Crawl Babbles: MaMa & DaDa Imitates sounds Starts to wave bye bye Drinks from sippy cup Eats with fingers Stands while holding on*
12 months
Stands alone, takes a few steps
Fine pincer grasp
Hugs stuffed animals
Says one word besides mama & dada
15 months
Walks well Stacks 2 blocks Scribbles 4-6 words Adopts "no" as favorite word
18 months
Throw ball underhand Knows 4 body parts Points to what they want Stacks 4 blocks Walks up stairs *cant get back down)
2 yrs
2-4 word sentences Follows 2 step commands 50 words Understood 50% of time Throws ball overhand Jumps, begins to run Can walk down stairs
3 yrs
3 word sentences Can ride tricycle Hops Balance on 1 foot Toilet trained Knows 250-300 words
4 yrs
Hops on one foot Dresses self Names some colors and numbers Sings a song from memory Strangers understand 90% of language
5 years
Skips, swings, climbs Ties shoes Brushes teeth Counts and able to recite part of alphabet Prints name
Circle
3 years
*t
4 yrs
Square
4.5
Triangle
5 yrs
Hep B Vaccine
All infants
3 doses with 1st dose before hospital discharge
Pregnancy is not a contraindication
Contraindication for hep B vaccine
Bakers yeast allergy
Minimum age of inactivated influenza vaccine
6m
Minimum age of live influenza vaccine
2 years
PCV13
All children
4 doses: 2, 4, 6, & 12 - 15
PPSV23
After age 2 to certain populations
- asplenics, sickle cell, HIV, malignancy
Pneumococcal vaccine is given to all adults over age
65
H. Influenza vaccine
Given to all infants
Prevents meningitis epiglottis is, and pneumonia
4 doses: 2, 4, 6, and 12 - 15 m
Poliomyelitis vaccine
All children
2, 4, 6, and 4 years
May need booster if traveling
Inactivated has replaced oral polio vaccine
Tdap
Tetanus
Diphtheria
Pertussis
5 doses: 2, 4,6, 15-18m, and 4-6 yrs
Adults 19-64 should receive a single dose of Tdap
All women should receive dose during each pregnancy
Hepatitis A
For children over 1 you, adults traveling or high risk individuals
2 doses: 6m apart
A single dose may be used as post exposure prophylaxis
Varicella Zoster
2 doses: 1 yr & 5 yrs
Contraindicated in pregnancy (bc its LIVE)
A single dose of zoster vaccine recommended for all adults > 50 years of age regardless of having previous episode of herpes zoster
MMR
1 year and 4-6 years (contraindicated in pregnancy)
Human Papillomavirus
Most common STD/STI
Approved for girls and boys 9 - 26 yo
3 doses between age 11 - 12 then 1 - 2 months & 6 months afterwards
Not recommended in pregnancy
Meningococcus
Protects against Neisseria meningitis is
High risk groups: dorm students, military
Booster needed at 16 - 18 you
*Safe in Pregnancy
When is APGAR score assessed?
1, 5, and 10 minutes
