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Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What are risks for vertical HIV transmission to child?

A

frequent unprotected sex, advanced HIV infection (high viral load), membrane rupture over 4 hrs before delivery without antivirals, vaginal delivery, breastfeeding, premature (

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2
Q

What are the components of the APGAR score?

A

Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respirations

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3
Q

What are the TORCH infections?

A

TOxoplasmosis, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes virus type 2 (O- other like HIV, heb B, HPV, and syphillis)

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4
Q

AAP breastfeeding guidelines?

A

-exclusive for first 6 months, then continue for at least 12 months

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5
Q

What is the leading cause of congenital infection in the US?

A

CMV - >90% of children with congenital CMV infection have no clinical evidence of disease as newborns

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6
Q

When does the APP mandate developmental screening?

A

9, 18, and 30 month checkups

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7
Q

What is the caloric requirements for 1-2 mo olds?

A
  • Term to grow 100-120cal/kg/day

- preterm 115-130cal/kg/day

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8
Q

When should baby regain birth weight?

A

2 weeks of age

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9
Q

What vaccines are included in Pediarix?

A

DTaP, HepB, and IPV

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10
Q

What vaccines are in Pentacel?

A

DTap, IPV, and HIB

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11
Q

When should the infant double birth weight? triple?

A

double - 4-5 months

triple - 1 year

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12
Q

What are urine or serum VMA/HVA from?

A

metabolites of catecholamines (elevated in neuroblastoma)

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13
Q

What is the best imaging technique for an abdominal mass?

A

abdominal ultrasound (organ of origin, and solid cystic or mixed)

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14
Q

When should a child first see the dentist?

A

within 6 months of first tooth eruption or by 1 year of age

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15
Q

How tall to still be in a booster?

A

4’ 9’’

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16
Q

When should parents discontinue using the bottle?

A

12-15 months

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17
Q

What is TIPP?

A

The Injury Prevention Program; info for preventing injuries at all ages. Website

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18
Q

What routine screens are done at 12 months?

A

lead and hemoglobin (for anemia)

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19
Q

What are the 3 core symptoms of ADHD?

A

inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity

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20
Q

When should you start vision screening? hearing screening?

A

vision - 3yrs old

hearing - newborn and restart at 4 yrs

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21
Q

In anorexia, deficiency of what elements leads to cardiac issues?

A

calcium and magnesium

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22
Q

What is the mnemonic used in assessing types of pain?

A

OPQRSTAAA

-Onset, Position, Quality, Radiation, Severity, Timing, Aggravation, Alleviating, Associated symptoms

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23
Q

What is common range for HR and RR in 1st hour of life? 2nd?

A

1st hour - HR 160-180 and RR 60-80

2nd hour - HR 120-160 and RR 40-60

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24
Q

What is the primary anabolic hormone for fetal growth?

A

Insulin - insulin sensitive organ systems = heart, liver, muscle

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25
Q

What is the average glucose levels in a newborn?

A

65-71mg/dL

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26
Q

What causes transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)?

A

delayed clearance of fluid from lungs after birth. More common with diabetic moms or c-section

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27
Q

What are the most common forms of antibody positive hemolysis (DAT or Combs positive)?

A

Rh or ABO incompatibility, incompatibilities in minor blood group antigens, antibody-negative hemolysis

28
Q

What is a prominent clinical finding in galactosemia and hypothyroidism?

A

jaundice

29
Q

When does breast milk jaundice begin?

A

day 4-7 (physiologic jaundice appears before this); may last up to 12 weeks

30
Q

What are the tests for newborn with sepsis?

A

CBC with dif, CRP, blood culture, LP with chem and cultures

31
Q

What labs are expected with Congential Adrenal Hypoplasia (CAH)?

A

low sodium and high potassium, elevated 17-OH progesterone

32
Q

Which viruses are “live”?

A

rota (by mouth), MMR, varicella

33
Q

What can be the only sign of early sepsis in a baby?

A

elevated heart rate

34
Q

Which bugs give positive nitrite on UA?

A

E. coli, Klebsiella, and Proteus spp.

35
Q

Location/ quality of enterovirus rash?

A

erythematous and maculopapular; may involve palms and soles. can be petechial

  • commonly late summer and early fall
  • ex: Coxsackie = hand foot and mouth
36
Q

What are 3 causes of strawberry tongue?

A

streptococcal pharyngitis, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome

37
Q

What are causes of rash on palms and soles?

A

RMSF, Kawasaki disease, enteroviruses, syphilis

38
Q

Staccato cough at 4-12 weeks?

A

chlamydia pneumonia

39
Q

What bugs commonly cause acute otitis media (AOM)?

A

Strep pneumo (25-50%), non HiB typable (15-52%), Moraxella catarrhalis (3-20%), Strep pyogenes (

40
Q

How much liquid is needed to replace mild-moderate dehydration?

A

50-100mL/kg

41
Q

What is the pediatric ibuprofen dosing?

A

10mg/kg Q 6-8 hrs PO

suspension: 100mg/5mL where 5mL = 1 tsp

42
Q

What murmur has a widely split S2?

A

ASD

-systolic murmur due to increased flow across a normal pulmonic valve

43
Q

What infection is associated with 20-30% of first febrile seizures in kids?

A

HHV-6, Roseola

44
Q

What is the triad of elevated BP, bradycardia, and irregular respirations? means?

A

Cushings triad

-increased intracranial pressure

45
Q

Which STIs are reportable in all states?

A

Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and chancroid

46
Q

What is the drug of choice for meningococcal prophylaxis?

A

ciprofloxacin

alts = rifampin, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin

47
Q

How many calories does a healthy term infant need in first 4 months?

A

100-110cal/kg/24hours

48
Q

When should you screen for Autism Spectrum disorder?

A

18 and 24 month visits; M-CHAT

49
Q

What syndrome is caused by inheritance of abnormal CGG repeats in FMR1 gene? Long face with large mandible, large prominent ears, and large testicles (after puberty)?

A

Fragile X syndrome

-with exception of Down syndrome, this is the MC genetic cause of intellectual disability

50
Q

What heart defect is common in Turner syndrome?

A

coarctation of the aorta

51
Q

What is the standard for Down syndrome lab diagnosis?

A

lymphocyte karyotype

52
Q

What is FAS HgB mean?

A

carrier of 1 abnormal HgB gene - for Hgb S

-sickle cell trait

53
Q

What is FAC hemoglobin mean?

A

carrier of 1 abnormal gene for Hgb C

-benign

54
Q

What is FS hemoglobin mean?

A

both Hgb have mutations for Hgb S

-MC causing sickle cell

55
Q

What is FSA?

A

sickle cell beta thallassemia

56
Q

What are common procedures for young people with sickle cell?

A

tonsillectomy (Waldeyer’s ring) and cholecystectomy (bilirubin gallstones)

57
Q

In Sickle cell disease, infection with what organisms is common?

A

encapsulated organisms (S. pneumo, HiB, N. meningitidis)

58
Q

What special immunization for sickle cell?

A

HiB and Prevnar (penumococcal) at 2, 4, and 6 months

59
Q

What meds are used to treat Acute Coronary Syndrome in pt with SCD?

A

3rd generation cephalosporin and a macrolide

60
Q

What does an S3 gallop indicate?

A

overloaded left ventricle - suggests CHF

61
Q

What is the MC cause of nephrotic syndrome in kids?

A

minimal change disease

62
Q

What is used to treat impetigo topically?

A

mupirocin

63
Q

What drug is used to treat head lice?

A

Permethrin lotion 1% - may need 1-2 treatments in weekly intervals

64
Q

Drug to treat scabies?

A

5% permethrin cream 2 times, 1 week apart

65
Q

Treatment for tinea versicolor?

A

selenium sulfide lotion

66
Q

Treatment for tinea capitis?

A

griseofulvin (oral antifungal)

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