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Medicine & Surgery > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of children will meet criteria for constipation?

A

30%

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2
Q

What are etiologies of delayed meconium passage?

A
  • imperforate anus
  • Hirschprung’s
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Prematurity
  • Sacral abnormalities
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3
Q

How often do babies stool?

A

In breastfed babies, once every 10 days to 10 times per day

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4
Q

What are the Rome III criteria for constipation in pediatrics? *must not meet criteria for IBS

A 
2 months hx + 2 of:
Pooping in their pants (incontinence >1/week)
Posturing (retentive)
Pain with BM's
Palpable large stool in rectum
Plugging the toilet

= 2 BM’s per week

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5
Q

What are 5 complications of infant GE reflex

A 
parental anxiety
esophagitis
failure to thrive
apnea/choking (ALTE)
recurrent aspiration/cough/wheeze
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6
Q

When does the umbilical stump fall off?

A

5-10 days on average
2 weeks ULN
3 weeks = abnormal

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7
Q

How much do neonates need to feed per day?

A

150 mL/kg/day

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8
Q

What’s the rule of thumb for urine output in neonates?

A 
1 pee day 1
2 pees day 2
3 pees day 3
4 pees day 4 
increases from there
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9
Q

What is the concern with macrolides in babies?

A

association with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

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10
Q

What are symptoms of chlamydial pneumonia?

A

stacatto cough
well appearing
crepitus, wheezes, patchy infiltrates and hyperinflation

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11
Q

What is the risk to the infant with mothers with untreated chlamydia?

A

40% risk of infection

conjunctivitis, pneumonia

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12
Q

What are 2 types of breath holding spells

A

Cyanotic: upset, vigorous crying and end expiratory apnea
followed by cyanosis, opisthotonus, rigidity, loss of tone +/- brief jerking, lasting 10-60 seconds

Pallid: minimal crying, usually bad stimulus (pain) -> child goes pale, quiet then loses consciousness

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13
Q

What is the definition of colic?

A 
Excessive crying for:
>3 hours per day
>3 times per week
>3 weeks 
usually around 3 weeks - 3 months
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14
Q

What are some considerations in the ddx of colic?

A 
incarcerated hernia
corneal abrasion
hair tourniquet 
intussusception 
child abuse 
meningitis
UTI
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15
Q

What are contraindications to manual reduction of inguinal hernias?

A

hemodynamic instability
sick appearing
peritonitis
bowel obstruction

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16
Q

What are 4 risk factors for rectal prolapse

A

CF
constipation
diarrhea
pinworms

17
Q

How to remove hair tourniquet?

A

Nair (not always effective)

Cut across with scalpel or 16 gauge needle

18
Q

What can happens to neonates whose mothers are on SSRIs?

A

Withdrawal
Rare - pulmonary hypertension
easily confused with sepsis - irritable, tachycardia, temperature instability
often will get admitted for observation

19
Q

What is the limit of prolonged rupture of membranes in labour?

A

18 hours

20
Q

What is a normal glucose in a brand new neonate?

After 24 hours?

A

> 2.6

After 24 hours >3.3

21
Q

Up to what age can you put in an umbilical vein?

A

7 days

22
Q

What is the age range for early onset neonatal sepsis?

A

0-7 days

23
Q

What are the 3 most common pathogens in neonatal sepsis

A

GBS
E. coli
Listeria

24
Q

Which neonates need acyclovir?

A

Unwell
CSF WBC
Skin lesions

25
Q

Why do you avoid ceftriaxone in babies?

A

Binds to albumin
Displaces bilirubin
Risk of kernicterus

26
Q

List the association of disease on CXR
Boot
Egg on a string
Snowman

A

Boot = TOF
Egg on string = TGA
Snowman = TAPVR

27
Q

What are 5 causes of bilious vomiting?

A 
Malrotation 
Meconium ileus
Intussusception
Bowel atresia (duodenal, imperforate anus)
Hisrschprung's
28
Q

What drugs to use in neonatal intubation?

A

Atropine 20 mcg/kg
Fentanyl 3-5 mcg/kg
Succinylcholine 2 mg/kg

29
Q

What are 5 ddx considerations of pediatric stridor?

A 
Anaphylaxis 
Tumor
Heart failure
Asthma
Trauma/PTX
Infection
Cystic fibrosis

Medicine & Surgery (10 decks)

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