Pediatrics

Question 1

Gonnococal vs Chlamidial conjunctivitis in newborns?

Answer 1

Gonn = appears 2-5 days after birth. Bilateral. Prevention = erythro in the eyes at birth. Tx: IM Ceftriaxone

Chlamidial = appears 5-14 days after birth. CAN BE BLOODY. less purulent eyes than gonnococal. Tx: oral erythro

Question 2

EKG findings of WPW?

Answer 2

Shortened PR intervals
Delta waves
Widened QRS

Question 3

What do squatting and valsalva do to HCOM?

Answer 3

Squatting, leg raise, and hand grip = increase preload and afterload and quiet the murmur

Valsalva and Standing = decreases preload and louden the murmur

Question 4

Anemia of Prematurity

Answer 4

Normo normo anemia seen in premies

Normal platelets and RBCs

Normal exam and bili

Question 5

Pertussis Tx and prophylaxis

Answer 5

Prophylaxis everyone in contact, even if they have immunizations (only 70-90% good)

Tx: MACROLIDES

1month old = azithro, clarithro or erythro

Question 6

Measles rash vs Rubella rash

Answer 6

Measles is much worse, redder/browner. Higher fever, spreads slower and involves coryza

Question 7

Transient vs Orthostatic Proteinuria

Answer 7

Both are benign, and common in adolescents. If they dont have any hematuria or any other symptoms, just recheck dip on 2 seperate occasions

Transient = normal in 10% of kids, can be caused by exercise or fever

Orthostatic = when kids are standing you can see it, have them lie down first then measure

Question 8

Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Answer 8

The MCC of 2ndary HTN in kids. also common in young women.

Presents as HTN and HA w/ bruit @ CVA due to increased colaterals R>L

Angiography will show “string of beads”

Question 9

How to remove a coin from esophagus?

Answer 9

Flexible endoscopy

Question 10

Fanconi’s Anemia

Answer 10

Megaloblastic anemia with hypopigmented spots, light skin

Seen in kids before age 16. Due to chromosomal breaks

May have pounding in ears from hemmorrage

Question 11

Neonatal umbilical stump infection

Answer 11

Tetanus

Will present with poor suck and lethargy in a pt with an unvaccinated mother

Question 12

Heart Defects in Turners kids

Answer 12

Bicuspid Aorta
Coarctation of Aorta
Aortic root dilation

Question 13

Most common cardiac defect in Downs kids?

Answer 13

Complete atrioventricular septal defects

More common than VSD and ASD

Question 14

Which Ab for cat bites?

Answer 14

Augmentin

Question 15

All vaccines should be given according to chronologocal age, not gestational age

Answer 15

Exception is hep B, can only be given if the baby is above 2kg

Question 16

Most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism?

Answer 16

Thyroid agenesis

Question 17

What vitamin helps reduce morbidity and mortality in measles kids?

Answer 17

vit A

Question 18

Type of seizure associated with automatisms and aura?

Type that you smell burning and have elevated creatine kinase?

Answer 18

Complex Partial Seizure

Partial seizure with secondary generalizations

Question 19

Waterhouse Freidrickson syndrome

Answer 19

A young child with meningitis that suddenly collapses and gets a bad rash

This is due to adrenal hemhorrage

Question 20

The only measure found to decrease the incidence of SIDS?

Answer 20

Sleeping in supine position

Smoking cessation is good, but doesnt help really

Question 21

Preseptal cellulitis vs Orbital cellulitis

Answer 21

Preseptal = mild infection of eyelid anterior to nasal septum

Orbital = serious infection posterior to nasal septum. can cause diplopia, opthalmoplegia, or pain with occular movement.

Question 22

Riboflavin def can cause anemia

Answer 22

Niacin def can cause abdominal pain and neuro defects

Question 23

Worst case scenario in an Injury to soft palate

Answer 23

Internal Carotid Artery rupture –> stroke