Pediatrics

Question 1

Hyperadrenocorticism, inc adrenal corticosteroids, adiposity, osteoporosis, hypertension, DM, amenorrhea, impotence

Answer 1

Cushing’s Syndrome

Question 2

Congenital chromosomal disorder, hypotonia in infancy, rounded face, almond eyes, strabismus, low forehead, hypogonadism, MR, short stare and obesity

Answer 2

Prader-Willi Syndrome

Question 3

Premature and Postmature (weeks gestation)

Answer 3

Pre: before 37 wks
Post: after 42 wks
*Term gestation is 37-42 wks

Question 4

Symmetric Growth Restriction Causes

Answer 4

Proportional reduction in size/weight of all organs, incl. brain
-Usually intrinsic to infant, chromosomal, malformation syndromes, congenital infections that impact early fetal growth

Question 5

Asymmetric Growth Restriction Causes

Answer 5

Brain is more normal sized than other organs
-Compromise to uteroplacental blood supply leading to frequent placental infarcts, abnormal placentation, pregnancy induced hypertension…body tried to spare head/brain at expense of other organs

Question 6

45,X Female; short stature, web neck, defective ovarian development w/ sexual immaturity, renal & cardiac abnormality, lymphedema, cubitus valgus or other abnormalities of elbow

Answer 6

Turner Syndrome

Question 7

Both sexes, norm. karyotype, short stature, hypertelorism, abnormal ear lobes, webbed neck, cubitus valgus, pulmonary stenosis, pectus deformity of chest, and hypogonadism

Answer 7

Noonan Syndrome

Question 8

elevated skin lesion < 1 cm

Answer 8

Papule

Question 9

flat discoloration < 1 cm

Answer 9

Macule

Question 10

BP cuff too small

Answer 10

Falsely elevated pressure reading

Question 11

Coarctation of Aorta

Answer 11

Narrowed distal to origination of L. subclavian, and prox. to ductus arteriosus.

If suspected, measure BP on UE and LE; pressure will be elevated in UE.

Question 12

Growth measurements of physical exam?

Answer 12

1. Weight
2. Length, until age 2
3. Height, after age 2
4. FOC, until age 3 *measure at greatest circumference

Question 13

Fontanels

Answer 13

Should be smooth and flat

• Anterior closes @ 1-2 yrs
• Posterior @ 2 months
• Bulging = Inc. ICP
• Sunken = dehydration
• Delayed closure: hypothyroidism, rickets, Down syndrome

Question 14

Non-retractible foreskin

Answer 14

Phimosis

Question 15

Genu Varum

Answer 15

bow legs

-physiologic in toddlers and may be assoc. w/ tibial torsion

Question 16

Genu Valgum

Answer 16

knock knees

-normal btwn 3 and 5 yrs

Question 17

Scoliosis screening ages

Answer 17

10 and 12 in girls

13 or 14 in boys

Question 18

Short Stature Types

Answer 18

1. Normal Variant (Genetic or Constitutional Delay [delayed bone age])
2. Primary (Intrinsic)
3. Secondary (Extrinsic, Delayed bone age)

Question 19

Failure to Thrive (FTT) Causes (3)

Answer 19

1. Inadequate Caloric Intake (*Most common, rule out #2 w/ hospitalization and subsequent weight gain)
2. Malabsorption (CF, Celiac, Liver Disease, Short Bowel, Giardisis Infection)
3. Inappropriate Utilization (Congenital heart disease, kid needs more calories than average due to disease process)

Question 20

Hydrocephalus causes (3)

Answer 20

1. Noncommunicating (blockage in CSF flow)
2. Communicating (no blockage, but CSF is not being resorbed)
3. Overproduction (least likely, rare)

Question 21

2 physiological processes in Puberty

Answer 21

1. Gonadarche (HPG axis)

2. Adrenarche (production of androgens: body odor, hair, acne)

Question 22

Jaundice in the newborn

Answer 22

Common the 1st week and progresses caphalocaudally.

*Abnormal if present on DOL 1 (day of life-1) or after 2 wks