Pediatrics Flashcards
Hyperadrenocorticism, inc adrenal corticosteroids, adiposity, osteoporosis, hypertension, DM, amenorrhea, impotence
Cushing’s Syndrome
Congenital chromosomal disorder, hypotonia in infancy, rounded face, almond eyes, strabismus, low forehead, hypogonadism, MR, short stare and obesity
Prader-Willi Syndrome
Premature and Postmature (weeks gestation)
Pre: before 37 wks
Post: after 42 wks
*Term gestation is 37-42 wks
Symmetric Growth Restriction Causes
Proportional reduction in size/weight of all organs, incl. brain
-Usually intrinsic to infant, chromosomal, malformation syndromes, congenital infections that impact early fetal growth
Asymmetric Growth Restriction Causes
Brain is more normal sized than other organs
-Compromise to uteroplacental blood supply leading to frequent placental infarcts, abnormal placentation, pregnancy induced hypertension…body tried to spare head/brain at expense of other organs
45,X Female; short stature, web neck, defective ovarian development w/ sexual immaturity, renal & cardiac abnormality, lymphedema, cubitus valgus or other abnormalities of elbow
Turner Syndrome
Both sexes, norm. karyotype, short stature, hypertelorism, abnormal ear lobes, webbed neck, cubitus valgus, pulmonary stenosis, pectus deformity of chest, and hypogonadism
Noonan Syndrome
elevated skin lesion < 1 cm
Papule
flat discoloration < 1 cm
Macule
BP cuff too small
Falsely elevated pressure reading
Coarctation of Aorta
Narrowed distal to origination of L. subclavian, and prox. to ductus arteriosus.
If suspected, measure BP on UE and LE; pressure will be elevated in UE.
Growth measurements of physical exam?
- Weight
- Length, until age 2
- Height, after age 2
- FOC, until age 3 *measure at greatest circumference
Fontanels
Should be smooth and flat
- Anterior closes @ 1-2 yrs
- Posterior @ 2 months
- Bulging = Inc. ICP
- Sunken = dehydration
- Delayed closure: hypothyroidism, rickets, Down syndrome
Non-retractible foreskin
Phimosis
Genu Varum
bow legs
-physiologic in toddlers and may be assoc. w/ tibial torsion
Genu Valgum
knock knees
-normal btwn 3 and 5 yrs
Scoliosis screening ages
10 and 12 in girls
13 or 14 in boys
Short Stature Types
- Normal Variant (Genetic or Constitutional Delay [delayed bone age])
- Primary (Intrinsic)
- Secondary (Extrinsic, Delayed bone age)
Failure to Thrive (FTT) Causes (3)
- Inadequate Caloric Intake (*Most common, rule out #2 w/ hospitalization and subsequent weight gain)
- Malabsorption (CF, Celiac, Liver Disease, Short Bowel, Giardisis Infection)
- Inappropriate Utilization (Congenital heart disease, kid needs more calories than average due to disease process)
Hydrocephalus causes (3)
- Noncommunicating (blockage in CSF flow)
- Communicating (no blockage, but CSF is not being resorbed)
- Overproduction (least likely, rare)
2 physiological processes in Puberty
- Gonadarche (HPG axis)
2. Adrenarche (production of androgens: body odor, hair, acne)
Jaundice in the newborn
Common the 1st week and progresses caphalocaudally.
*Abnormal if present on DOL 1 (day of life-1) or after 2 wks
