Pediatrics Flashcards
What is the “happy wheezer”
Bronchiolitis from RSV (respiratory synctial virus) or other flu-like viruses. Airways are partly blocked with mucous so important to keep an eye on breathing so URI doesn’t develop airway obstruction.
What is treatment for asthma?
bronchodilator to relax SM and steriod as an anti-inflammatory
What could a simian crease on the hand indicate?
trisomy 21
What are common labs seen with Cystic Fibrosis?
Low sodium, low Chlorine, increased bicarb, high pH (alkalosis), low CO2 (30), low O2 (60)
What are the signs of asthma?
prolongued expiratory phase, scattered wheeze, hyperexpanded chest xray with streaky hilar infiltrates. Decreased FEV1
What is the Ballard Score?
It is used to determine age, very useful when no prenatal care. Best performed at 12 hours of life for infants under 26 weeks and 4 days for mature infants. Accuracy within two weeks of age. Has 6 neuromuscular criteria and 6 physical criteria.
Why is important to document skin rashes?
so parents don’t CPS called when their child has a port-wine stain or mongolian spot
What makes up the chest wall?
ribs, spine, sternum, accessory muscles, diaphragm
What does a normal chest x ray look like?
diaphragm should be found at about the level of the 8th - 10th posterior rib Spinous process between clavicles See the vertebral bodies clearly Clavicle overlying the third rib
What are obstacles encountered by the breastfeeding mother?
lack of familial/friend support, lack of accommodation at work, hospital nursery - less baby/mom time, working mom
Why are some reasons you see jaundice in a newborn?
This could be from not enough breastmilk, and mothers are encouraged to increase breast feeding. Another cause is a product in the breastmilk that inhibits the breakdown of bilirubin. Other reasons: infections, low O2 levels, premature babies. Tx: light
What makes up the mediastinum?
3 birds and a mammal: azygus, esophagus, thoracic duct, thymus, aorta, heart
What is treatment for pneumonia?
First line - amoxicillin. Alternate: 2nd/3rd generation cephalosporin, clindamycin, levofloxacin. Add macrolide to cover atypical pneumonias.
What are some advantages to breast feeding?
Save money, improved maternal and infant outcomes, reduced incidence of disease, diabetes, breast cancer
Seal-bark cough, steeple sign?
Croup - normally from parainfluenza
What does the APGAR test measure?
it’s a measure at 1, 5, and 10 minutes of life that measures require resuscitation: appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respirations.
What are some contraindications to breastfeeding?
High levels of jaundice - try using supplement HIV positive HTLV -1 (Human-cell Leukemia Virus) Untreated TB (mother may pump, then breastfeed after treatment started) Cancer-treating drugs Alcohol or street drug abuse Radiation therapy Active Chicken Pox (varicella) Active Herpes on breast (only until after healing)
What is macroglossia?
Tongue is too big
What could a sacral dimple indicate
spina bifida or tethered cord
What are some cases where breastfeeding is NOT contraindicated (misconceptions):
You can still breast feed with Hep B,C CMV Occasional drink (wait 2 hours) Nicotine Patch/Gum OK Mastitis and Abcess - still breastfeed, damn!
What are the scores for AR of AGPGAR
A - activity, 0-limp, 1-some flexion, 2-active movements R-respirations, 0-limp, 1-slow, irregular, 2-good, crying
Do Hemangiomas disappear?
Yes, present and enlarge until 8 - 12 months but disappear by kindergarten
How do you treat diaphragmatic hernia?
Treat with ventilatory support initiation and then surgically get the bowel out of the lungs when stable. Baby may not have development of lung if herniated early.
What is the most common mutation for Cystic Fibrosis in CFTR?
mutation in delta F508, Deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 on gene.
