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USMLE Step 3 Master the board > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

blue/gray macules on presacral back/posterior thighs

A

Mongolian spots

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2
Q

firm, yellow-white papules/pustules w/ erythematous base, which peak on second day of life

A

erythema toxicum

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3
Q

permanent, unilateral vascular malformation on head and neck

A

port wine stain (nevus flammeus)

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4
Q

red, sharply demarcated, raised lesions appearing in first 2 months, rapidly expanding, then involuting by age 5-9 years

A

hemangioma

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5
Q

preauricular tags/pits

A

preauricular tags/pits

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6
Q

defect in iris

A

coloboma of iris

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7
Q

absence of iris

A

aniridia

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8
Q

mass lateral to midline

A

branchial cleft cyst

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9
Q

mass in MIDLINE that moves with swallowing or tongue protrusion

A

thyroglossal duct cyst

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10
Q

GI tract protrusion through umbilicus WITH SAC

A

omphalocele

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11
Q

abdominal defect lateral to midline WITHOUT SAC

A

gastroschisis

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12
Q

congenital weakness where vessels of fetal and infant umbilical cord exited through the rectus abdominis muscle

A

umbilical hernia

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13
Q

scrotal swelling, transillumination

A

hydrocele

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14
Q

unilateral absence of testes in scrotal sac

A

undescended testes

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15
Q

urethral opening on VENTRAL surface

A

hypospadias

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16
Q

urethral opening on DORSAL surface

A

epispadias

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17
Q

inguinal bulge or reducible scrotal swelling

A

inguinal hernia (usually INdirect)

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18
Q
  • low Apgar scores
  • blood stools
  • apnea
  • lethargy
  • abdominal wall erythema and distention
A

necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)

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19
Q

failure to pass meconium

A

Hirschsprung disease

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20
Q

hydrocephalus w/ generalized intracranial calcifications and chorioretinitis

A

toxoplasmosis

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21
Q
  • cataracts, deafness, and heart defects

- blueberry muffin spots (extramedullary hematopoiesis)

A

rubella

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22
Q
  • microcephaly w/ periventricular calcifications

- petechiae w/ thrombocytopenia

A

CMV

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23
Q
  • first week: PNA/shock
  • second week: skin vesicles, keratoconjunctivitis
  • third week: acute meningoencephalitis
A

herpes

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24
Q

osteochondritis and periostitis; desquamating skin rash of palms and soles, snuffles (mucopurulent rhinitis)

A

syphilis

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25
Q
  • neonatal: PNA

- congenital: limb hypoplasia, cutaneous scars, seizures, mental retardation

A

varicella

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26
Q
  • drug teratogenesis

respiratory, CNS depression

A
  • anesthetics

- barbiturates

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27
Q
  • drug teratogenesis

respiratory depression

A

magnesium sulfate

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28
Q
  • drug teratogenesis

vitamin K deficiency

A

phenobarbital

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29
Q
  • drug teratogenesis

displaces bilirubin from albumin

A

sulfonamides

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30
Q
  • drug teratogenesis

premature closure of ductus arteriosus

A

NSAID’s

31
Q
  • drug teratogenesis

craniofacial abnormalities

A

ACEI’s

32
Q
  • drug teratogenesis
  • facial and ear anomalies
  • congenital heart disease
A

isotretinoin

33
Q
  • drug teratogenesis
  • hypoplastic nails
  • typical facies
  • IUGR
A

phenytoin

34
Q
  • drug teratogenesis

vaginal adenocarcinoma

A

diethylstilbestrol (DES)

35
Q
  • drug teratogenesis
  • enamel hypoplasia
  • discolored teeth
A

tetracycline

36
Q
  • drug teratogenesis

Ebstein’s anomaly

A

lithium

37
Q
  • drug teratogenesis

facial dysmorphism and chondrodysplasia

A

warfarin

38
Q
  • drug teratogenesis
  • mental retardation
  • NTD’s
A
  • valproate

- carbamazepine

39
Q
  • upward slanting palpebral fissures
  • speckling of iris (Brushfield spots)
  • inner epicanthal folds
  • small stature
  • late fontanel closure
  • mental retardation
A

trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

40
Q
  • low-set, malformed ears
  • microcephaly
  • micrognathia
  • clenched hand (index over 3rd; 5th over 4th)
  • rocker bottom feet and hammer toe
  • omphalocele
A

trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome)

41
Q
  • defect of midface, eye, and forebrain development
  • holoprosencephaly
  • microcephaly
  • microphthalmia
  • cleft lip/palate
A

trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome)

42
Q
  • Wilms
  • Aniridia
  • GU anomalies
  • mental Retardation
A

WAGR syndrome

43
Q
  • low IQ
  • behavioral problems
  • slim w/ long limbs
  • gynecomastia
A

Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)

44
Q
  • small-stature female
  • gonadal dysgenesis
  • low IQ
  • congenital lymphedema
  • webbed posterior neck
  • broad chest
  • wide-spaced nipples
A

Turner syndrome (XO)

45
Q

multiorgan enlargement:

  • macrosomia
  • macroglossia
  • pancreatic beta cell hyperplasia (hypoglycemia)
  • large kidneys
  • neonatal polycythemia
A

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

46
Q
  • obesity
  • mental retardation
  • binge eating
  • small genitalia
A

Prader-Willi syndrome

47
Q
  • mental retardation
  • inappropriate laughter
  • absent speech or less than 6 words
  • ataxia and jerky arm movements resembling a puppet gait
  • recurrent seizures
A

Angelman syndrome

48
Q

harsh holosystolic murmur over LLSB

A

VSD

49
Q

loud S1, wide FIXED SPLITTING of S2

A

ASD

50
Q
  • wide pulse pressure
  • bounding arterial pulses
  • “machinery” to-and-fro murmur
  • maternal rubella infection
A

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

51
Q

EARLY systolic ejection CLICK at apex of LSB

A

aortic stenosis

52
Q

BP higher in arms than legs

A

coarctation of aorta

53
Q

most common CHD BEYOND infancy

A

tetralogy of Fallot

54
Q
  • most common cyanotic lesion presenting in the IMMEDIATE newborn period
A

transposition of great vessels (arteries)

55
Q
  • nonbilious projectile vomiting typically in first 6 weeks of life
  • firm, mobile, 1-inch mass palpated in epigastrum
A

pyloric stenosis

56
Q

most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

57
Q
  • decreased production of cortisol
  • increased ACTH
  • adrenal hyperplasia
  • shunting to androgen synthesis
  • masculinization of external genitalia in females
A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

58
Q

best INITIAL test for 21-hydroxylase deficiency

A

increased 17-OH progesterone

59
Q

definitive diagnostic test for 21-hydroxylase deficiency

A

17-OH progesterone before and after an intravenous bolus of ACTH

60
Q

treatment for lead poisoning when blood lead level is more than 15mcg/dL

A

refer to department of health

61
Q

treatment for lead poisoning when blood lead level is more than 45mcg/dL

A

chelation

62
Q

What are the dosages of erythromycin ointment and vitamin K to be given at birth?

A

.5% erythromycin ophthalmic ointment

1 mg of vitamin K IM

63
Q

7 day old newborn has purulent discharge from both eyes. Culture reveals chlamydia trach. Tx?

A

erythromycin oral for 14 days

64
Q

Teratogen associated with microcephaly, intellectual disability, smooth philtrum?

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome

65
Q

Teratogen associated with grey baby syndrome?

A

chloramphenicol

66
Q

Teratogen associated with phocomelia?

A

thalidomide

67
Q

2 days of cough, congestion, eye redness followed by maculopapular rash with white-gray spots on buccal mucosa. Tx? Dx?

A

measles, supportive care, vit A

68
Q

Immunodeficiency with recurrent bacterial infections after the age of 6 months?

A

X-linked agammaglobinulinemia

69
Q

Immunodeficiency with recurrent sinopulmonary infections and anaphylactic reaction to blood transfusion?

A

IgA deficiency

70
Q

Immunodeficiency with thymic aplasia and T cell defn and hypocalcemia?

A

DiGeorge

71
Q

Immunodeficiency with severe recurrent infections by variety of organisms?

A

SCID

72
Q

Immunodeficiency with thrombocytopenia, eczema, and recurrent infections?

A

Wiskott-Aldritch Syndrome

73
Q

8 year old boy has gross hematuria and generalized edema. Elevated BP. UA shows RBCs, RBC casts and proteinuria with throat infection 3 weeks ago. Tx? Dx?

A

PSGN

tx–> supportive, Na/Cl restriction, diuretics

74
Q

4 year old boy has difficulty climbing stairs and frequent falls. Uses hands to lift himself up. Prox muscle weakness and calf muscles hypertrophied; Medication for tx? and dx?

A

duchenne muscular dystrophy; glucocorticoids

USMLE Step 3 Master the board (33 decks)

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