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Special Pops FINAL > pediatrics 1 > Flashcards

pediatrics 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is considered as a neonate?

A

< 1 month

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2
Q

what is considered as a preterm baby?

A

< 36 weeks gestation

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3
Q

what is considered a term baby?

A

> /= 36 weeks gestation

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4
Q

what is considered an infant?

A

1 month to 1 year

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5
Q

what is considered a child?

A

1-11 years

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6
Q

what is considered an adolescent?

A

12-18 years

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7
Q

what is considered low birth weight?

A

1500 g to < 2500 g

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8
Q

what is considered a very low birth weight/

A

<1500 g

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9
Q

what are 3 unique things of pediatric pharmacy?

A
  1. difficulty in conducting research
  2. diverse patient population
  3. lack of adequate dosage forms
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10
Q

when should you not give aspirin to a patient?

A

< 20 years old unless prescribed by a doctor

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11
Q

what age should tetracyclines be avoided?

A

children less than or equal to 8

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12
Q

the use of medications outside its FDA approved labeled indication(s) include what 3 things?

A
  1. age range
  2. disease or illness it treats
  3. route of admin.
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13
Q

when is off label drug use legal and well accepted?

A

if based on appropriate clinical judgement

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14
Q

what are 2 limitations to off label drug use?

A
  1. liability
  2. denied insurance coverage
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15
Q

what act provided financial incentives for companies to voluntary study drugs in the pediatric population?

A

FDAMA

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16
Q

what act extended the patent exclusivity of FDAMA through 2007 and was reauthorized in 2007 and 2012 permanently?

A

Best pharmaceuticals for children act (BPCA)

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17
Q

what act requires studies on indications under review; minimum assessment is PK/PD and safety and requires phramaceutical companies to test in the pediatric population a new drug likely to be used in children?

A

Pediatric research equity act (PREA)

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18
Q

___ is more variable than anrticipated

A

PK

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19
Q

higher doses of what drug were required to control seizures in those younger than age 5?

A

gabapentin

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20
Q

what drug recommends higher doses in adolescents than were previously indicated, with the exception of girls aged 8-11 who may require lower doses because the drug can make them drowsy?

A

fluvoxamine

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21
Q

what adverse reaction of gabapentin was seen in children < 12?

A

aggression and hostility

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22
Q

what was experienced in children who were taking fluoxetine?

A

limited growth

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23
Q

how is the pulse measured in young babies?

A

listening to the heart, palpating peripheral pulse or observing the anterior fontanel

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24
Q

when is the circadian rhythm in the heart observed?

A

at 2 yrs

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25
Q

hearts beats ____ as the child ages

A

decreases

26
Q

respiratory rate ____ as the child ages

A

decreases

27
Q

at what age should children have their BP monitored?

A

> /= 3 yo

28
Q

what is considered normal BP?

A

SBP and DBP <90th percentile

29
Q

what is considered prehypertension?

A

SBP or DBP >/=90th but <95th percentile

30
Q

what is considered as stage 1 HTN?

A

SBP or DBP in the 95th percentile to 5 mmHg above the 99th%

31
Q

what is considered as stage 2 HTN?

A

SBP or DBP > 5 mmHg above 99th%

32
Q

what is considered a fever with a rectal temperature?

A

> 100.4 °F

33
Q

how should you measure temperature in infants and children up to 3-4 yrs of age?

A

rectally

34
Q

which thermometer is close to the core temoerature?

A

tympanic

35
Q

what thermometer is 1° lower than the core temperature?

A

oral

36
Q

what thermometer is 2° lower than the core temperature?

A

axillary

37
Q

when is the circadian rhythm of the body well developed?

A

at 5 yrs

38
Q

what temperatures are considered a low grade fever?

A

100-102°F

39
Q

what temperature is considered as a high fever?

A

104 °F

40
Q

when should children with a fever be evaluated by a health care provider?

A
  1. <3 months who have a temp of >/= 100.4°F
  2. > 3 months who have a temp >/= 100.4°F for more than 3 days or who appear ill
  3. infants and children 3 mo-3 yrs who have a temp of >/= 102°F
  4. children of any age with a temp. >/=104°F
    -febrile seizure
    - recurrent fevers
    - fever + chronic medical problem
    - fever + new skin rash
41
Q

what are 2 treatments for fever?

A
  1. drink fluids
  2. APAP
42
Q

when should APAP be given to neonates 28-32 weeks?

A

every 6-8 hours

43
Q

when should APAP be given to neonates 33-37 weeks?

A

every 6 hours

44
Q

when should APAP be given to term neonates?

A

every 4-6 hours

45
Q

what is the APAP dose for infants and children?

A

10-15 mg/kg/dose every 4-6 hours as needed (do not exceed 5 doses in one day)

46
Q

ibuprofen should not be used in children at what age?

A

<6 months

47
Q

what is the pediatric dose for iubuprofen?

A

7.5 mg/kg every 6 to 8 hours as needed

48
Q

what BMI chart should be used for children <2?

A

WHO chart

49
Q

what BMI chart should be used for children >/= 2?

A

CDC chart

50
Q

what BMI is considered overweight for children?

A

BMI >/= 85th % to <95th%

51
Q

what BMI is considered obese for children?

A

BMI >/= 95th%

52
Q

what BMI is considered underweight for children?

A

BMI <15th%

53
Q

when do the most dramatic PK changes in children occur?

A

in the first 2 years of life

54
Q

what is the GI pH in premature infants?

A

6-8

55
Q

when is the extent of fat absorption the lowest?

A

early in the neonatal period

56
Q

the concentration of bile salts within the intestinal lumen is lower through the first ___ months of life

A

6

57
Q

why is the rectal route useful in older infants or children? 3

A
  1. IV drug choices are lacking
  2. IV access problems
  3. oral route is impractical
58
Q

what route, other than rectal can be used in place of IV?

A

IM

59
Q

to decrease IM pain what should you limit the volume of the solution to in young children?

A

0.5 mL

60
Q

to decrease IM pain what should you limit the volume of the solution to in school age children?

A

1 mL

61
Q

to decrease IM pain what should you limit the volume of the solution to in adolescents/adults?

A

3-5 mL

62
Q
A

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