Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

SHELF EXAMS > Pediatric Shelf Exam > Flashcards

Pediatric Shelf Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Dx + DGx + Tx: Newborn with cyanosis, tachypnea, absent breath sounds on left, heart sounds shifted further to the right, scaphoid abdomen, mediastinal shift to right, bowel loops within thoracic cavity

A

Dx: congenital diaphragmatic hernia
DGx:
Tx: intubation + mechanical ventilation, Ng tube placement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dx + DGx + Tx: tachypnea, subcostal retractions, cyanosis, grunting, decreased breath sounds in pre-term

A

Dx: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS)
DGx: XRay- low lung volumes + diffuse reticulogranular (ground-glass) densities
Tx: CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure ventilation) + get ABG, consider intubation/surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dx + Dgx + Tx: low grade fever, mild cough, 1- week, patient cries when neck extended, swelling of posterior pharyngeal wall

A

Dx: Retropharyngeal Abscess
DGx: contrast enhanced CT scan
Tx: empiric antibiotic (ampicillin-sulbactam, clindamycin), intubation, abscess drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dx + Tx: URI + coughing spells + high pitched inspiratory sound, incomplete vaccinations

A

Dx: pertussis (whooping cough)
Tx: Macrolide (azithromycin for all ages, but any >1 month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dx + Tx: 3-day history of fever, headache, earache, sore throat, up-to-date, 102F, 38.9C, enlarged right tonsil + whitish membrane

A

Dx: acute bacterial tonsilitis (strep pyogenes)
Tx: 1st line- penicillin V, macrolides (if clarithromycin, azithromycin, allergic),

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dx: preemee, respiratory distress—> mechanical ventilation for month after delivery, diffuse granular densities, basal atelectasis

A

Dx: bronchopulmonary dysplasia Cx of prolonged mechanical ventilation in premature infants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dx: toddler, dry barking cough worsens at night, mild rhinorrhea and fever, inspiratory stridor on agitation, febrile,

A

Dx: mild croup (viral etiology—> parainfluenza or RSV
Tx: symptomatic relief—> cold mist- decrease nasal passage irritation, dexamethason- reduce airway swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Prevention and treatment of RSV

A

Tx: Palivizumab -passive immunity- infants at risk for severe bronchiolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dx DGx Tx: young boy + coughing, intermittent wheezing, hx of eczema, 3 URIs, otitis media with abx, scattered wheezing on pulm exam

A

Dx: asthma
DGx: spirometry with obstructive lung pattern reversible
Tx: albuterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dx: thick purulent ocular discharge, eyelid swelling, newborn within 2-7 days

A

Neonatal conjunctivits with N.gonorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dx: mucoid watery nasal discharge (rhinorrhea) + tachypnea, wheezing, nasal flaring, low grade fever, intercostal retractions, cyanosis, late neonatal period

A

RSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dx: child 6 months to 3 years old—->croup = nasal congestion, barking seal cough, tachypnea, hypoxemia + low grade fever, inspiratory stridor, hoarseness

A

Parainfluenza virus type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dx: within 6 days of birth + pneumonia what bug?

A

Strep Agalactiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dx: 5-14 days after birth, mucopurulent eye, discharge, swelling

A

Neonatal conjunctivitis due to Chlamydia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dx: 4-12 weeks post birth + mucopurulent eye discharge + eyelid swelling + short repetitive coughs with deep inspirations between (staccato cough)

A

Dx: chalmydial pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dx: child under 3 y/o + acute onset coughing/shortness of breath, elevated respirations, abnormal hyperinflation of right lung with air trapping.

A

Foreign Body Aspiration
DGx + Tx: bronchoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dx + Tx: teenager + fever and sore throat worsening, dysphagia, hoarseness, febrile, anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, erythematous tonsils, swelling, white exudate on tonsillar pillar, uvula deviated to left

A

Tonsilitis, peritonsillar abscess

Incision, drainage + IV ampicillin-sulbactam therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids

A

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (thrush)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tx: child from TB endemic contry with HBsAb + and Interferon 𝛄 release assay- + , chest X-ray is negative

A

Latent TB infection:
Tx: start isoniazid + rifapentine for 3 months or 4 months of rifampin
Give Vit B6 (pyridoxine) to avoid peripheral neuropathy + sideroblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Vertical gaze palsy, nystagmus, eyelid retraction when looking upward, pupils that accommodate but don’t react to light

A

Parinaud syndrome- compression of the tectum + medial longitudinal fasciculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Wt loss, headache, insomnia, + parinaud syndrome

A

Pinealoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Common sequel of untreated pinealoma

A

Obstructive hydrocephalus (headaches, vision abnormalities, nausea, vomiting, ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Complication of precocious puberty

A

Increased short stature,- trigger early epiphyseal plate closure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Dx: 17 y.o no menarche, normal breast development, scant axillary hair, firm, nontender left inguinal mass, does not show a uterus or ovaries

A

AIS- XY—> formation of testes undifferentiated fetal gonad, testes remain in inguinal canal, female external genitalia, cutaneous andorgen receptors lack sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
6 mo infant - cataracts in early infancy,
Galactokinase deficiency
26
Infant hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, generalized muscle weakness, cramps, hyperlipidemia, ketosis
Debranching enzyme
27
Infant, jaundice, vomiting, hepatosplenomegaly, infantile cataracts, failure to thrive
Galactose-1 Phosphate Uridyl transferase
28
Infant, vomiting, poor feeding, hypoglycemia, jaundice, hepatomegaly, around time of weaning from breastmilk
Aldolase B deficiency- lifelong fructose + sucrose free diet
29
Fructose in urine,
Fructokinase deficiency
30
Short stature, delayed puberty, delayed bone age, and family history of delayed growth
CDGP- constitutional delay of growth and puberty
31
Development of secondary sex characteristics under 8
Precocious puberty, bone age > 1yr difference- measure LH or low LH + GnRH stimulation-> check if high—> GnRH-dependent precocious puberty,
32
Menorrhagia, fatigue, weight gain, bradycardia, facial myxedema (puffy appearance), thinning of the eyebrows, diminished deep tendon reflexes
Hypothyroidism
33
Cx of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Fetal macrosomia— big birth weight, shoulder dystocia- upper brachial plexus palsy
34
Severe acne, excess hair growth, accelerated bone maturation)
Hyperandrogenism
35
Hyperandrogenism before age 9, elevated 17-hydrocyprogesterone, androstenedione, DHEAS, low levels of deoxycorticosterone and cortisol despite administering ACTH
Non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (late-onset CAH)
36
Dx + DGx + Tx: newborn, abdominal distention, multiple episodes of bilious vomiting, increased anal sphincter tone/empty rectal vault, delayed passage of meconium, narrow sigmoid colon, squirt sign
Dx: Hirschsprung Disease- defective migration of Neural Crest Cells from proximal to distal bowel- aganglionic rectum/distal sigmoid DGx: ABXR- megacolon + rectal biopsy Tx:
37
Mechanism of appendicitis
Lymphatic Tissue Hyperplasia- children Fecalith obstruction- adults
38
Dx+ DGx + Tx: 3-month history stool incontinence, frequent nocturnal urination, large hard stools + painful bowel movements- firmness to palpation in left lower quadrant.
Dx: retentive encopresis (involuntary elimination of feces) DGx: Clinical Tx: fecal disimpaction + enemas for 6-24 months
39
What is Meckel Diverticulum
incomplete obliteration/ of vitelline duct can cause lower GI bleeding
40
Dx + DGx + Tx: young child, multiple episodes of n/v + ab pain, missed several days of school intermittently, recent psych stressor
Dx: cyclical vomiting syndrome DGx: diagnosis of exclusion no anatomical anomalies Tx:
41
Failure of duodenal recanalization
duodenal atresia- complete intestinal obstruction- double bubble sign, gasless distal small bowel, maternal polyhydramnios
42
nonrotation of the intestine
complete non-rotation--> cecum in left lower quadrant, small bowel obstruction, small bowel on right, colon on left
43
incomplete intestinal rotation
malpositioned duodenojejunal junction (located left of midline, cecum) + duodenal obstruction--> bilous vomit
44
Dx + DGx + Tx: infant + acute watery diarrhea + dehydration + not fully vaccinated + no abdominal pain
Dx: rotavirus DGx: enzyme immunoassay of stool Tx: Oral Hydration Solution, IV fluids
45
Dx: newborn with poor feeding, lethargy, prolonged newborn jaundice, pale facies, increased head circumference, abdominal distention, macroglossia
congenital hypothyroidism
46
dx: congenital hypothyroidism + abdominal protrusion + enlarges with crying, easily reducible
Dx: congenital umbilical hernia
47
Dx + DGx + Tx: child with recurrent skin infections + catalase positive bacteria/fungi (stapha A/ Serratia marcescens) + diffuse granulomas
Dx: CGD - Chronic granulomatous disease (X-linked recessive mutation of NADPH oxidase)- decreased superoxide DGx: Dihydrorhodamine flow cytometry Tx: prophylaxis: TMP- SMX + Itraconazole + INF-y, Hematopoietic cell transplant
48
Dx + DGx + Tx: recurrent swelling episodes w/o urticaria/pruritis no trigger, colicky ab pain, vomit, diarrhea, laryngospasm
Dx: Hereditary Angioedema DGx: low C4/ C1 inhibitor protein/function- C2 inhibitor deficiency/dysfunction Tx: C1 inhibitor concentrate + bradykinin antagonists (icatibant) + kallikrein inhibitor ecallantide)
49
Low risk vs high risk food allergy management
Low Risk: early introduction- trial at home High Risk: trial in office referral to allergy testing
50
Wiskott- Aldrich Syndrome
Eczema, recurrent infections, microthrombocytopenia (low platelets
51
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (Bruton)
B-cell deficiency- disorder of B-cell maturation, low on all levels of IgGs and no response to vaccines
52
Dx + DGx + Tx: recurrent non purulent infections (cellulitis/periodontitis), impaired wound healing, delayed umbilical cord separation > 3weeks), leukocytosis neutrophilia
Dx: LAD leukocyte adhesion deficiency DGx: reduced CD1 antigen Tx:
53
Dx + DGx + Tx: recurrent severe sinopulmonary infections, poor growth, low IgA, low IgG, elevated IgM, encapsulated bacteria, increased risk of opportunistic infections
Dx: hyper IgM syndrome X-linked defect in CD40 ligand Dgx: clinical + Lab Tx:
54
Selective IgA deficiency
Asymptomatic or recurrent respiratory, GI, or UTI IgA low IgM, IgG- normal
55
Hyper IgE syndrome
Everything normal except IgE elevated Defective JAK-Stat Th17 Severe chronic eczema, non inflammatory abscesses (cold)- staph or candida IgE + Eosinophils high,WBC always normal Dysmorphic facies (broad nose, prominent forehead, retained primary teeth
56
Hyper IgM syndrome
Severe recurrent sinopulmonary infections - B cell normal - IgG + IgA + IgE low - IgM high
57
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Normal B cell count but all Ig’s are Low Presents in adolescence- recurrent sinopulmonary and GI infections, failure to thrive, chronic pulmonary disease Tx: IV IG
58
Bruton’s agammaglobuliemia (x-linked)
B cells and Igs all low Recurrent sinupulmonary infections
59
Immunizations
All kids pre-term or not receive it on chronological age
60
ICU infant, respiratory distress, multiple episodes of pneumonia, chronic thrush, otitis media,
No T cells, and dysfunctional B cells- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Tx: urgent stem cell transplantation
61
Recurrent sinopulmonary infections + anaphylaxis with blood transfusion
Selective IgA deficiency
62
Associated Complications of DiGeorge 22qDS syndrome?
CATCH-22 C- cardiac outflow anomalies- ToF + persistent truncus arteriosus A- anomalous face- nasal bridge, low set ears, T- thymic hypoplasia- decreased T-cell immunity C- cleft palate H- hypoparathyroidism- hypocalcemia
63
cyanosis, fatigue with feeding, Harsh crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur at left upper sternal border
Tetralogy of Fallot -> R Ventricular outflow tract obstruction - R ventricular hypertrophy - Overriding Aorta -VSD Diversion- r A—> aorta—> hypoxemia Tx: Knee chest positioning, O2, surgical intervention
64
Dx + Tx: syncope + normal BP, no trauma to head, returns to alert state, reports events which occurred during episode
Dx: psychogenic pseudosyncope- conversion disorder
65
Dx + DGx + Tx: infant + noisy breathing with birth, no improvement with steroid, afebrile, nml vitals, biphasic stridor, improves with neck extension
Dx: vascular rings (great vessels encircle/compress trachea) DGx: CT scan Tx: surgical division of structures creating ring
66
Which murmurs must be evaluated?
Holosystolic/ Diastolic Murmurs Harsh Grade > 3 intensity persists with standing and Valsalva maneuver DGx: get echo
67
Dx + Tx: febrile illness with development of pain in swelling in multiple joints, 2/6 holosystolic murmur at apex, mild mitral regurg
Dx: Rheumatic Heart Disease- chronic valvular damage- group A strep Tx: IM benzathine Penicillin G every 4 weeks Cx:
68
Common heart defect in trisomy 18 (edwards syndrome)
VSD- holosystolic murmur Trisomy 18- micrognathia, microcephaly, rocker bottom feet, overlapping fingers, absent palmar creases
69
Tx of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn ( PPHN)
Inhaled Nitric Oxide, O2,
70
Dx: post surgery infant, —> decreased appetite/ vomiting, fever + tachycardic, tachypnea, distal heart sounds, enlarged cardiac silhouette
Dx: pericardial effusion DGx: ECHO Tx: drainage
71
Dx + DGx + Tx: abrupt onset of fever, pharyngitis, severe myalgias, and pale mottled skin, strep and flu are negative
Dx: Meningococcal meningitis DGx: Lumbar Puncture Tx: Ceftriaxone
72
Difference between orbital vs. preseptal cellulitis
Preseptal- Eyelid Erythema/Swelling + Chemosis---> Tx with Oral Abx Orbital cellulitis- Pain with EOM, proptosis/opthalmoplegia with diplopia---> IV abx
73
Dgx and Tx of Retropharyngeal Abscess
Dx: fever, difficulty/ pain with swallowing, neck pain, drooling, muffled hot potato voice DGx; widening of pre-vertebral space lateral neck X-ray + CT Tx: IV abx (ampicillin-sulbactam, clindamycin) + surgical drainage
74
high fever, drooling stridor, non-vaccinated, thumb sign
epiglottitis
75
fever, muffled voice, throat pain, uvular deviation to contralateral tonsillar pillar
peritonsillar abscess
76
URI--> croup-like symptoms, fever, stridor, tracheal narrowing, steeple sign
Tracheitis
77
when to use topical vs. oral abx in impetigo?
non-bullous impetigo-> topical bullous impetigo--> oral (amox, cephalexin, dicloxacillin
78
Dx + Dgx + Tx + Cx: newborn + sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts, PDA, red reflex absent, loud harsh murmur, blueberry muffin rash
Dx: Rubella DGx: IgM serology Tx: Nothing Prevention: Vaccination Cx:
79
Dx, Dgx, Tx: chid, uncontrollable writhing of arms/grimacing of face, previous sore throat/fever resolved without treatment, pericardial friction rub, prolonged PR interval/diffuse ST elevations
Dx: Acute Rheumatic Fever - Strep Pyogenes- (Joints (migratory arthritis), Carditis, Nodules (subq), Erythema marginatum, Sydenham chorea DGx: clinical + major/minor Tx: prophylatic oral penicillin, Tx: IM benzathine penicillin G
80
Dx + DGx + Tx: neonate + irritability, poor feeding, lethargy, leukopenic,
Dx: neonatal sepsis- Group B strep, E Coli, Listeria Monocytogenes Tx: IV ampicillin + gentamicin
81
Dx + DGx + Tx: neonate, macrocephaly, jaundice, mother travel abroad + fever/swollen lymph nodes, spontaneous resolution hepatomegaly, hydrocephalus, diffuse intracranial calcifications
Dx: Congenital Toxoplasmosis DGx: toxoplasma serology/ PCR Tx: pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, folinic acid
82
Dx + DGx + Tx: neonate + microcephaly + ventriculomegaly, periventricular califications growth restriction, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia
Dx: Congenital Cytomegalovirus- transmission by urine/saliva DGx: PCR testing, viral culture Tx: antiviral therapy (valganciclovir)
83
Bugs to watch out for in SCD sepsis?
Strep Pneumo, H Flu, N Meningitidis
84
Bugs to watch out for in CF, recurrent pneumonia?
Staph A- kids/young children Pseudomonas Aeruginosa- adults
85
Good vs. Bad Lymphnodes
Good: soft, mobile, <2cm, localized, no symptoms Bad: firm, hard, immobile, > 2cm, systemic symptoms
86
Transmission + Dx + DGx + Tx + Cx: Congenital Toxoplasmosis
Tr: Feces/ Uncooked Food Meat/ Unpasteurized Goat Milk Dx: Chorioretinitis, Hydrocephalus, Diffuse, Intracranial Calcifications DGx: PCR + IgM Toxo Tx: Mom- spiramycin Baby: pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, folinic acid Cx: epilepsy/intellectual disability, visual/hearing impairments
87
Tr + Dx + DGx + Tx + Cx: Congenital Syphillis
Tr: Sexual Dx: Early: < 2 yearsRhinorrhea, Skeletal Anomalies, Desquamating Rash (Palms/Soles), Lymphadenopathy Late: > 2 years- saddle nose, frontal bossing, notched, widely spaced teeth, vision/hearing impairment DGx: RPR + VDRL, dark field microscopy, PCR Tx: IV penicillin Cx: miscarriage, stillbirth,
88
Tr + Dx + DGx + Tx + Cx: Congential Rubella
Tr: Airborne Droplets, transplacental Dx: miscarriage, preterm, fetal growth restriction PDA, Cataracts, Cochlear Defects, Hepatosplenomegaly, Jaundice, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, blue berry muffin rash, DGx: PCR, IgM antibody serology, Tx: Immunization, <16 weeks, termination, >16weeks self-resolving Cx: microcephaly, intellectual disability, skeletal abnormalities.
89
Tr + Dx + DGx + Tx + Cx: Congenital CMV
Tr: Any Fluids, Transplacental Dx: Sensorineural Hearing Loss, Chorioretinities, Microcephaly, Periventricular Calcifications, DGx: CMV IgM antibodies or PCR Tx: Baby: Ganciclovir, foscarnet, blood/platelet transfusions Mother: Valacyclovir Cx: Audio/Visual Complications
90
Tr + Dx + DGx + Tx + Cx: Congenital HSV
Tr: HSV-2, oral, transplacental, perinatal Dx: vescicular/ ulcerative rash, keratocunjunctivitis, meningoencephalitis DGx: viral culture + PCR Tx: IV acyclovir/valacyclovir Prevention
91
When to Proxphlaxis with Varicella Vaccine vs. Varicella IG
No immunizations + immunocompetent--> vaccine only No immunization + immunocompromised--> VZIG
92
Dx + DGx: 2 y/o- recurrent cough/ SOB, multiple lobar pneumonias, mild retractions, inspiratory crackles, hyperresonance, clubbing of nail beds, generalized hyperinflatio, bronchial thickening, patchy atelectasis
CF Sweat Chloride Test
93
Dx + DGx + Tx: tachypnea, hypoxia, accessory muscle use, cyanosis,
Dx: NRDS or hyaline membrane disease- not enough pulmonary surfact
94
treatement of Von Willebrand Disease
platelet count normal, PT elevated supportive care + desmopressin
95
hypotonia, downturned palpebral fissures, prominent epicanthal folds, flat facies, single palmar creases, intellectual disability,
Downs Syndrome
96
intellectual disability, elongated face with prominent jaw, high arched palate, large ears, hyperextensible joints, postpubertal macroorchidism
Fragile X syndorme (X linked Dominant)
97
dysgenesis of seminiferous tubules, testicular atrophy, decreased spermatogenesis, eunuchoid body shape, long extremities, gynecomastia
Klinefelter Syndrome XXY
98
intellectual disability, cleft lip/palate, holoprosencephaly, microphthalmia, cutis aplasia,
Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrom)
99
widening of the wrist in infant
Rickettes + Vitamin D deficiency --> increased alkaline phosphatase activity
100
female, low estrogen, underdeveloped sexual characteristics, increased LH,FSH
Turner Syndrome (Gonadal Dysgenesis) Tx: growth hormone replacement, estrogen replacement
101
easy bruising, active, scattered petechiae + ecchymoses at various stages of healing, very low platelet count
ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura)- self limiting
102
virilization, hirsutism, elevation of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-ketosteroid excretion, normal testosterone, normal pelvic US
Adrenal Adenoma in zona reticularis
103
neonate, hydronephrosis, urine flow is poor with dribbling, bilateral hydronephrosis/hydroureter, thick walled bladder
posterior urethral valve- abnormal remnant of the mesonephric (wolfian duct) DGx: US- hydronephrosis, oligohydramnios, fetus, voiding cystourethrogram Tx: endoscopic valve ablation
104
acute onset of weakness, headache, nausea/vomiting, AMS, hx of recent viral gastroenteritis, large amounts of water, no meals, edema on hands/feet
dilutional hyponatremia Tx: hypertonic saline
105
infant, poor linear growth, no vomit/diarrhea, hypokalemia, hyperchloremia, non-anion gap metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis
Renal Tubular Acidosis
106
neonate, systolic ejection murmur radiation to back/ lung fields and loudest at right axilla, ejection click/ split S2, left parasternal heave
Pulmonary Stenosis
107
crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur upper right sternal border, radiating to carotid arteries
aortic stenosis (bicuspid aortic valve)
108
fixed widely split S2, pulmonary hypertension,
Atrial Septal Defect
109
extracardiac left-right shunt, continuous machine-like murmur
PDA
110
holosystolic murmur at lower left sternal border + palpable thrill
VSD
111
infant, recurrent episodes of severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bloody/mucoid stools,
Dx: Intussusception DGx: history, exam, imaging Tx: contrast enema- diagnostic/therapeutic, surgery
112
female, pain in lower abdomen/pelvis, nausea, diarrhea, headaches, flushing,
Dx: primary dysmenorrhea DGx: clinical, exclusion Tx: NSAIDS, topical heat, oral contraceptives + progestin IUD
113
Definitive Treatment of SCFE
Physis stabilization with screw fixation
114
microthrombocytopenia, eczema, recurrent infections
Wiskott- Aldrich Syndrome- X-linked recessive defect in WAS protein- impaired cytoskeleton Tx: stem cell transplant
115
What increases the risk of shoulder dystocia (brachial nerve palsy/clavicle fractures) during birth
Gestational Diabetes, hyperglycemia + Fetal hyperglycemia
116
post- birth what can happen due to withdrawal of maternal hormones
neonatal withdrawal bleeding in females via vagina
117
Tx: child, pruritic vulva, labial adhesions
estrogen cream
118
Tx of neonatal clavicular fractures
Reassurance, Gentle Handling, Analgesics, Long-sleeve garment, elbow flexed at 90
119
Dx + DGx + Tx: macrocytic anemia, webbed neck, cleft palate, mild hypertelorism, flat nasal bridge, pale mucous membranes, triphalangeal thumbs
Dx: Diamond-Blackfan Anemia DGx: Clinical + Lab Tx: corticosteroids + RBC transfusions
120
Dx: pigmented peri oral macules, GI hamartomatous polyps, abdominal pain, anemia of chronic bledding, rectal prolapse
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome Genetic Testing Annual Anemia Screening Upper/Lower Endoscopy
121
Mother with HBsAg positive, Anti-HBsAg negative, IgM Anti-HBcAg negative, and Anti- HBcAg positive, how to treat neonate
Administer Hep B IG and Hep B Vaccine
122
child, lethargy + AMS, post- URI, ---> nausea, vomit, hepatomegaly, diffuse cerebral edema
Reye's Syndrome- Aspirin for viral illness--> cerebral edema Tx: supportive, but no aspirin for kids
123
NF1 vs NF2
NF1 - neurofibromin, Chromosome 17- Cafe au Lait Spots, multiple neurofibromas, optic pathway glioma, lisch nodules NF2- merlin- Chromosone 22, Bilateral Acoustic neuromas
124
nasal sinusitis, unilateral, foul-smelling purulent, bloody
nasal foreign body--> mechanical extraction/positive pressure expulsion
125
treatment of Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction
Propranolol

SHELF EXAMS (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions