Pediatric reflexes & Motor Milestones (my nemesis)

Question 1

Suck-swallow reflex

Answer 1

Stim: object touches roof of mouth Resp: sucking Timeline: 28 weeks, integrated at 2-5 months. Problems: feeding

Question 2

Rooting Reflex

Answer 2

Stime: touch to cheek Resp: turns head toward touch & opens mouth. Timeline: 28 wks, integrated at 3 months. Problems: oral motor, midline head control, optical righting, visual tracking.

Question 3

Flexor withdrawal reflex

Answer 3

Stim: Noxious stim to sole of foot or palm Resp: flexion of knee or elbow. Timeline: 28 wks, integrated at 1-2 months. Problems: standing/walking, UE functional activities.

Question 4

Crossed extension reflex

Answer 4

Stim: Noxious stim to sole of foot. Resp: Flexion and extension of contralateral leg. Timeline: 28 wks, integrated 1-2 months. Problems: Standing/walking

Question 5

Moro Reflex

Answer 5

Stim: Rapid neck extension. Resp: Arms abd & ext with hands open, followed by add & flex (hugging) over chest. Timeline: 28 wks, integrated at 4-6 months. Problems: Balance, eye-hand coordination, visual tracking.

Question 6

Plantar grasp reflex

Answer 6

Stim: pressure at base of toes. Resp: Foot DF and toes flex. Timeline: 28wks, integrated 9 months. Problems: Standing and balance reactions.

Question 7

Positive Support reflex

Answer 7

Stim: Child is supported, with feet placed on a flat surface. Resp: LE will extend 20-30 seconds followed by LE flexion to sitting position. Timeline: 35 wks, integrated 1-2 months. Problems: Standing/walking, balance reactions, can lead to plantar flexion contractures.

Question 8

Stepping/Walking reflex

Answer 8

Stim: Infant is held upright with flat surface under feet. Resp: Reciprocal stepping motion of legs. Timeline: Birth, integrated at 2 months. Problems: Balance, ambulation control.

Question 9

Galant Reflex

Answer 9

Stim: Stroke to paraspinal area. Resp: Lateral trunk flexion to ipsilateral side of stimulus. Timeline: Birth, integrated at 3-6 months. Problems: Sitting balance, can lead to scoliosis

Question 10

Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)

Answer 10

Stim: Head turned to one side. Resp: UE & LE on face side extend, contralateral side flex. Timeline: Birth, integrated 4-6 months. Problems: Feeding, visual tracking, midline use of hands, rolling, developmental crawling.

Question 11

Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR)

Answer 11

Stim: Supine-trunk & extremities extend. Prone-trunk & extremities flex. Timeline: Birth, integrated 4-6 months. Problems: initiating rolling, prone propping, sitting and standing balance.

Question 12

Palmar grasp reflex

Answer 12

Stim: pressure to palm. Resp: Grasping of object. Timeline: Birth, integrated 9 months. Problems: Voluntary grasp/release, wt bearing through hand, crawling

Question 13

Babinski reflex

Answer 13

Stim: Stroke to lateral sole of foot. Resp: Great toe ext, abd of toes. Timeline: Birth, integration 12 months. Problems: Wt bearing on feet, standing balance, ambulation. If present after 2 yrs, child may have damage to corticospinal tract..

Question 14

Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR)

Answer 14

Stim: C/S in flexion or extension. Resp: C/S ext-UE ext & LE flex. C/S flex-UE flex, LE ext. Timeline: 4-6 months, integrated 8-12 months. Problems: Prone propping, attaining/maintaining quadruped, crawling, sitting/standing balance when head is moving.