pediatric psychology Flashcards
what is pediatric psychology?
generally, it has poorly defined boundaries
“the study of children in medical settings”
“the study of relations between physical and psychological health”
behavioral medicine
multidisciplinary approach: CLINICIANS, EDUCATORS, AND SCIENTISTS study interactions of behavior with biology and environment, then apply that knowledge to helping the population
health psychology
psychology branch dealing with health etiology/promotion/maintenance and ALL the psychological factors of health. also improvement of healthcare system and health policy.
pediatric psychology
psychological and physical health, children and adolescents, developmental perspective
examples of topics in pediatric psychology
- health promo
- physical conditions - asthma, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, leukemia, arthritis
- sleep disturbance
- eating/elimination disorders
- medical rehab - boy and the sprinkler example, otherwise healthy but physically injured
- psychoneuroimmunology - brain, mental health, immune response
psychoneuroimmunology
study of brain, mental health, immune response
general issue in pediatric psychology
chronic vs. acute illness
CHRONIC is not served as well as ACUTE.
Acute: injuries
Chronic: recurring, not always a cure, cystic fibrosis
rate of chronic illness
5-30%
most common chronic illness
asthma, allergies, repeated ear infections
less common chronic illness
diabetes, cancer, sickle-cell anemia, HIV/AIDS
pediatric psychology settings
- inpatient medical center
- medical outpatient clinics
- outpatient and primary care clinics for emotional & behavioral problems
- specialty facilities
- camps/groups
inpatient medical center
In a hospital
Disease and Illness
also acute units
Consultation and liaison
medical outpatient clinics
private pediatric practices
chronic illness
range of clinical activities
psychosocial services for pediatric health
psychological interventions
general mental health services for behavior problems
health programs
training for intellectual/developmental disabilities
education for pediatricians in training
public health and policy
major area of research: psychological disorders related to appearance and physical health
psychological disorders related to appearance AND physical health
- Body dysmorphia
- Somatoform disorder
- Eating disorders
- Enuresis / encopresis
major area of research: youth health/risk behavior
- treatment to regimen compliance/adherence
list the major areas of research in pediatric psychology
- disorders related to appearance and physical health
- youth health/risk behaviors, like treatment regimen adherence/compliance
- effects of physical illness on cog funct.
smoking prevention program theory/findings
evans, 1986
risk taking is a normal part – if you tell adolescents something is risky, it’s even MORE attractive, so instead use peer models, correct misconceptions, and inoculate against social pressures and cig ad campaigns (counter marketing info)
pediatric psychology adherence rate
59% adherence
issues with adherence
adaptive non-compliance (parents know better in the moment)
assessment methods
either/or vs. dimensional models
problems with adherence developmentally
magical thinking and blaming behavior
adolescence: pressure to conform and rebellion
adherence: negative indicators
no immediate symptom relief
negative side effect: example = immunosuppressants and meds following kidney transplant - puffy face, pimples
long-term benefit
adherence interventions
detailed instructions for meds
support and supervision from med. staff
relaxation and self-monitoring - like exercises for cerebral palsy
reinforcement - like rewarding a child when their blood sugars are good
MST adaption for DIABETES
MST originally for diverting kids from the criminal justice system
adapt for diabetes noncompliance - individualized and intensive program taking into account family, school, tutoring, family’s needs
traits in children w/ chronic illness
learned helplessness in diabetes - negative internal attributes decrease metabolic control
self-image/concept/esteem in children w/ chronic illness
panic, allergies, asthma
far greater rates than chance
each can predispose to the others
genetic links
symptom interpretation
medication
