Pediatric Pharmacology Adaptations Flashcards
What is a key difference in drug absorption for neonates?
Neonates have a higher stomach pH, which can affect drug solubility and absorption.
How does enzyme activity in neonates affect drug metabolism?
Enzyme activity in the stomach is immature, altering drug breakdown.
What is a key difference in drug distribution for infants?
Infants have a higher water content (70-80%) and lower fat content, affecting how water-soluble and fat-soluble drugs distribute.
How does albumin level affect drug distribution in infants?
Lower levels of albumin lead to more free (active) drug in the bloodstream, increasing drug effects.
What is a key difference in drug metabolism for neonates?
The liver is immature, reducing the ability to break down drugs efficiently, meaning drugs remain in the body longer, increasing toxicity.
What is excretion?
Excretion is the process of removing waste products from the body.
How does kidney function affect drug clearance?
Kidney function is immature, leading to slower drug clearance.
What can happen to drugs excreted through urine?
Drugs that are excreted through urine can accumulate and cause toxicity.
Example: Aminoglycoside antibiotics.
How are doses typically calculated for medications in children?
Doses are typically based on weight (mg/kg) or body surface area (BSA) rather than a standard adult dose.
What effect does the immature blood-brain barrier have on neonates?
The immature blood-brain barrier in neonates increases susceptibility to drug effects on the central nervous system.
What type of medication formulations are preferred for young children?
Liquid formulations (syrups, suspensions) are preferred for young children since they cannot swallow pills.
What is a high risk associated with weight-based dosing?
High risk of medication errors due to weight-based dosing.
What drug is contraindicated in children due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome?
Aspirin
Reye’s syndrome is a rare but serious condition affecting the liver and brain.
Which antibiotics can cause permanent tooth discoloration in children under 8?
Tetracycline antibiotics.
What is a potential risk of using fluoroquinolones in children?
Risk of cartilage damage.
