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Pharmacokinetics > Pediatric Pharmacokinetics > Flashcards

Pediatric Pharmacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is a neonate?

A

post-natal age (age since birth) < 1 month

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2
Q

What is an infant?

A

1 month- 12 months

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3
Q

What is an adolescent?

A

13-17 years old

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4
Q

What is the gastric pH at birth?

A

neutral

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5
Q

At what age does gastric pH become normal adult levels?

A

~2 years

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6
Q

What drugs have increased bioavaliability in infants due increased gastric pH?

A

acid labile drugs

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7
Q

What drugs have decreased bioavaliability in infants due increased gastric pH?

A

weak acids

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8
Q

How is gastric emptying time effected in neonates/infants?

A

prolonged gastric emptying time

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9
Q

How does prolonged gastric emptying time and decreased GI motility of neonates/infants effect the rate of oral drug absorption?

A

decreased rate of oral absorption= increased time to peak concentration

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10
Q

How is GI motility effected in neonates/infants?

A

decreased intestinal motility

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11
Q

How is gut wall metabolism and transporter activity effected by neonates/infants?

A
  • decreased gut wall metabolism
  • immature intestinal metabolizing enzymes
    = incresed bioavaliability
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12
Q

How is percutaneous drug administration effected with neonates/infants?

A

increase in the extent of absorption = possibility for toxicity

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13
Q

How is intramuscular drug administration effected with neonates/infants?

A

reduced rate of absorption

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14
Q

How is volume of distribution effected by neonates/infants?

A

increased Vd for hydrophilic drugs due to increased total body water

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15
Q

How are plasma proteins effected by neonates/infants?

A
  • decreased plasma protein concentration
  • decreased binding affinity
  • displacement of endogenous substances
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16
Q

What phase II enzyme is well developed at birth?

A

sulfation

17
Q

When does glomerular filtration rate (GFR) reach adult values?

A

8-12 months

18
Q

What is the equation used for estimating renal function in pediatric patients?

A

modified schwartz, (0.413)(height)/SCr

Pharmacokinetics (6 decks)

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