Pediatric Pathology - Phumiruk Flashcards
erythema toxicum**
rash - first few days after birth
can be anywhere - esp on trunk, palms, soles
harmless
tiny white bumps on newborn nose/cheek
milia
benign
miliaria
blocked sweat gland ducts
resolve on own
neonatal acne
maternal adrogens
baby dandruff
seborrheic dermatitis
scaling - scalp or eyebrows
mongolian spots
blue-gray flat birthmark
-plaque
entrapment of melanocytes
atopic dermatitis**
children 6mo to 10years
red, pruritic, papule/plaques
acute - erythema and scaly
chronic - scaly, pigment change
diaper area spared
unknown cause
dry irritated skin with malfunction of immune system
food causes flare
tx atopic dermatitis
topical steroids
after shower - moisturize with thick ointment quickly afterwards
black head
open comedone
white head
closed comedone
abdominal pain, rash on legs, arthritis in ankles
urinalysis - positive for blood/protein**
HSP - henoch schonlein purpura
palpable purpura
henoch schonlein purpura**
vasculitis small vessels
palpable purpura
complication of HSP**
renal involvement - during 1st month - acute glomerulonephritis
HTN uncommon
lower sternal border musical low pitch murmur**
stills
-non-turbulent - not high velocity
age 3 to adolescence
stills murmur**
benign
musical low pitched at lower left sternal border
bounding pulse, murmur, tachypnea, poor feeding, SOB, sweat while feeding, tire very easily**
PDA
PDA
more in girls
premature infants, neonatal resp distress
tx of PDA
indomethacin or surgery
steeple sign**
subclottic narrowing of trachea
croup
croup**
steeple sign
inspiratory stridor
croupy cough, hoarseness, stridor
tx of croup
if severe - inhaled epinephrine and oral steroids
chronic cough in toddler**
foreign body
unilateral nasal drainage that smells bad**
nasal foreign body
tx of labial adhesions**
mechanical separation
-then petroleum ointment - diminish irritation
estrogen cream - premarin
febrile seizures**
simple and complex
simple febrile seizure
lasts few seconds to 5-10 minutes
period of drowsy or confusion - 30 minute post-ictal period
complex febrile seizure**
longer than 15 minutes
only one part of body
occurs again during same illness
osgood schlatter disease
traction apophysitis of tibial tubercle
more in males
tenderness/swelling over tibial tuberosity
tx of osgood schlatter
rest, NSAIDs, cast/splinting if severe
CI - steroids
coxsackie A16**
hand foot mouth disease
highly contagous
in preschoolers
incubation 4-6 days
prodrome 1-2 days before rash
hand foot mouth disease**
coxsackie A16
-painful shallow yellow ulcers surrounded by red halos
on buccal mucosa
exanthem involves - palm, plantar, interdigital surfaces of hands and feet
slapped cheek rash**
erythema infectiosum
parvivirus B19
fifth disease
parvovirus B19**
erythema infectiosum
5th disease
children 4-10yo
infectious - until onset of rash
dangerous in pregnancy
erythema infectiosum
-hydrops fetalis
rocky mountain spotted fever**
rash begins distal and spreads centrally
test - for rickettsia - takes 1 week
tx of rocky mtn spotted fever
immediately if suspected
-doxycycline - all children
within 1st week - prognosis good
