Pediatric Musculoskeletal Slides

Question 1

When can a baby raise their head while they are prone?

Answer 1

2 months

Question 2

When can a baby roll from prone to supine

Answer 2

4 months

Question 3

When does a baby start sitting using tripod position

Answer 3

6 months

Question 4

When does a baby begin creeping

Answer 4

9 months

Question 5

What is creeping

Answer 5

on hands and knees / different than crawl (on forearms, belly / army crawl)

Question 6

When does a baby stand without support (momentarily)

Answer 6

12 months

Question 7

When does a baby start walking

Answer 7

12 - 18 months

Question 8

When is the latest timeframe a baby should begin walking?

Answer 8

18 months

Question 9

What is a newborns relaxed position

Answer 9

fetal position

Question 10

Normal newborns tone is flexed or extended?

Answer 10

flexed

Question 11

Healthy newborn will show some resistance to full flexion or full extension?

Answer 11

extension (baby is more comfortable in full flexion)

Question 12

What is the Arm Recoil Test

Answer 12

Extend arms and baby should bring it in flexion

Question 13

An infant should be able to lift the head and trunk using forearms after how many months

Answer 13

2 months

Question 14

Early signs of Muscular Dystrophy (3)

Answer 14

1) Clumsiness
2) Difficulty climbing stairs
3) Frequent Falls

Question 15

Muscular dystrophy is a ______ disorder

Answer 15

genetic

Question 16

Head lag is normal or abnormal for infant over 2 months

Answer 16

normal / head lag - head flops in front and back (unsteady) / baby is not supposed to hold up their head

Question 17

Twitching is normal or abnormal

Answer 17

abnormal

Question 18

What reflex is used to have infant release fisted hands

Answer 18

rub ulnar side of hand

Question 19

T/F - hands remained fisted, thumb may be positioned inside the fingers

Answer 19

true

Question 20

What (5) things do you observe in a newborn

Answer 20

1) Observe relaxed position (flexed)
2) Will show resistance to extension
3) Hands fisted, thumb may be inside
4) Observe palmar and phalangeal creases
5) Count fingers and toes

Question 21

Simian crease indicates what

Answer 21

downs syndrome

Question 22

Polydactyly

Answer 22

supernumerary / more than 5 fingers or toes

Question 23

Syndactyly

Answer 23

a condition where two or more digits are fused together

Question 24

If you suspect limited movement ask child to

Answer 24

get up

Question 25

To see joint function ask child to

Answer 25

jump

Question 26

To see range of motion ask child to

Answer 26

climb

Question 27

To test muscle strength ask child to

Answer 27

play with toys

Question 28

What is Gower Sign

Answer 28

child rises from a sitting position by placing hands on the legs and pushing the trunk up / “crawl up their legs”

Question 29

What does Gower Sign indicate

Answer 29

muscle weakness / ddx: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscular degeneration and weakness)

Question 30

What is expected in thoracic and lumbar spine until the infant can sit without support

Answer 30

kyphosis

Question 31

When you inspect a toddler while standing two things should happen: lumbar _____ and protuberant ______

Answer 31

lumbar lordosis and protuberant abdomen

Question 32

(3) Characteristics of Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 32

1) Muscle atrophy and progressive weakness
2) Pseudohypertrophy from fatty infiltrates
3) Gower sign

Question 33

When should you evaluate for developmental hip dysplasia

Answer 33

performed at each ‘wellness visit’ during the first year of life

Question 34

Ways to evaluate for developmental hip dysplasia

Answer 34

1) Asymmetrical thigh and buttock skin folds or creases
2) Decreased hip abduction
3) Allis Test
4) Barlows Test
5) Ortolani’s Test

Question 35

What is the best test to use to check for hip dysplasia for babies > 3 months

Answer 35

decreased hip abduction

Question 36

What is the best test to use to check for hip dysplasia for babies

Answer 36

Barlow and Ortolanis

not reliable > 3 months due to muscle strengthening and tightening ligaments

Question 37

(+) sign of hip dysplasia

Answer 37

clunk

clicks are normal