Pediatric Infections: Bronchiolitis

Question 1

Pathophysiology of Bronchiolitis

Answer 1

Virus - Causes acute inflammation within the lungs
Edema - Swelling of the small lower airways (bronchioles)
Necrosis - Damage to epithelia cells lining small lower airways
Mucous Production - Leads to tachypnea

Question 2

Most common cause of bronchiolitis

Answer 2

RSV

Question 3

Non pharm Treatment of Bronchiolitis

Answer 3

Supportive Care
Oxygen
Fluids & Nutrition
Chest Physiotherapy (No clinical benefit)

Question 4

PPx therapy for RSV

Answer 4

palivizumab (Synagis®) indicated ONLY for select infants

Question 5

Gestational age criteria for palivizumab

Answer 5

< 28 weeks, 6 days
< 12 months of age at start of RSV season

Question 6

Other conditions criteria for palivizumab

Answer 6

Congenital heart disease
Neuromuscular disorders
Immunocompromised
Down syndrome

Question 7

Pharm treatment of Bronchiolitis

Answer 7

Hypertonic saline for hospitalized patients

Question 8

Admin info for palivizumab

Answer 8

Dose = 15 mg/kg
Given intramuscularly