Pediatric Hip Quiz SG Flashcards
3 indications for hip sonography
- presence of risk factors for developmental displacement of hip
- abnormal hip exam
- evaluating response to treatment
when hip exam is performed
- until femoral head ossifies
- not done until after 3-4 wks of birth (physiologic laxity)
ossification occurs earlier in _
girls
ossification is often complete by _
1 year
condition of the hip that results in congenital hip dysplasia
developmental displacement of hip (DDH)
the hip is laterally and posteriorly displaced to the extent that the femoral head has no contact with the acetabulum and normal “u” configuration cannot be obtained via ultrasound
frank disslocation
occurs when the femoral head moves posteriorly and remains in contact with the posterior aspect of the acetabulum
subluxed
the femur and the cup shape of the acetabulum form the _ and _ hip joint
ball and socket
the bone of the upper thigh that is surrounded by muscles, ligaments, and tendons
femur
the upper part of the femur (head) articulated with the hip bone to make the _ _
hip joint
bony formation appearing in the center of the femoral head
ossific nucleus
ossific nucleus begins between _ to _ months of age
2 to 8
the movement of bending leg forward
flexion
the movement of bending leg backward
extension
moving away from the body (stabilizes)
abduction
moving toward the body (stresses)
stresses
frequency used for hip sonography
at least 5-7.5 mHz
what transducer is used of a hip exam
linear array
preferably the _ should be present during the exam
radiologist
the baby should be in a _ position
supine (with feet toward sonographer)
the femoral head appears as a _ _
hyper echoic circle (with smooth borders and tiny echoes)
the acetabulum appears _
echogenic
4 views used in a hip exam
- coronal/neutral
- coronal/flexion
- transverse/flexion
- transverse/neutral
in the normal coronal/neutral view, the _ head is resting against the bony acetabulum
femoral
the wide portion of a long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis is the _
metaphysis
a normal hip gives the appearance of a _ on a _ in the mid acetabulum
ball on a spoon
in the normal hip, the femoral head is _ seen over the posterior lip of the acetabulum
never
(unstable or stable) portion of the femoral head appears over the posterior lip of the triadiate cartilage as the femur is pushed
unstable hip
(unstable or stable) the femoral head is never seen over the posterior lip of the acetabulum
normal hip
the attempt to reduce a dislocated hip with abduction _ _
ortolani maneuver
which type of hip dislocation has traumatic and non traumatic etiologies
acquired
which type of hip dislocation occurs in utero and is associated with neuromuscular disorders
teratogenic
which type of hip dislocation was formerly known as congenital hip dysplasia
developmental
risk factors associated with DDH (7+)
- females (4:1)
- left hip more than rt (or both)
- breech presentation
- oligohydramnios
- family history
- firstborns
- caucasian
- maternal hypertension
- increased birth weight
- potter’s syndrome
newborns with risk of DDH can be examined at _ to _ weeks
4 to 6
all _ babies should be scanned
breech
a _ hip is one in which the proximal femur moves greater than 6 mm on the left and 4 mm on the right
subluxable
a _ hip is one in which the proximal femur can be displaces out of the acetabulum but can be reduced
dislocatable
possible treatments of hip problems (3)
- ortolani maneuver
- pavlik harness
- surgery
