Pediatric Hip Quiz SG

Question 1

3 indications for hip sonography

Answer 1

• presence of risk factors for developmental displacement of hip
• abnormal hip exam
• evaluating response to treatment

Question 2

when hip exam is performed

Answer 2

• until femoral head ossifies

- not done until after 3-4 wks of birth (physiologic laxity)

Question 3

ossification occurs earlier in _

Answer 3

girls

Question 4

ossification is often complete by _

Answer 4

1 year

Question 5

condition of the hip that results in congenital hip dysplasia

Answer 5

developmental displacement of hip (DDH)

Question 6

the hip is laterally and posteriorly displaced to the extent that the femoral head has no contact with the acetabulum and normal “u” configuration cannot be obtained via ultrasound

Answer 6

frank disslocation

Question 7

occurs when the femoral head moves posteriorly and remains in contact with the posterior aspect of the acetabulum

Answer 7

subluxed

Question 8

the femur and the cup shape of the acetabulum form the _ and _ hip joint

Answer 8

ball and socket

Question 9

the bone of the upper thigh that is surrounded by muscles, ligaments, and tendons

Answer 9

femur

Question 10

the upper part of the femur (head) articulated with the hip bone to make the _ _

Answer 10

hip joint

Question 11

bony formation appearing in the center of the femoral head

Answer 11

ossific nucleus

Question 12

ossific nucleus begins between _ to _ months of age

Answer 12

2 to 8

Question 13

the movement of bending leg forward

Answer 13

flexion

Question 14

the movement of bending leg backward

Answer 14

extension

Question 15

moving away from the body (stabilizes)

Answer 15

abduction

Question 16

moving toward the body (stresses)

Answer 16

stresses

Question 17

frequency used for hip sonography

Answer 17

at least 5-7.5 mHz

Question 18

what transducer is used of a hip exam

Answer 18

linear array

Question 19

preferably the _ should be present during the exam

Answer 19

radiologist

Question 20

the baby should be in a _ position

Answer 20

supine (with feet toward sonographer)

Question 21

the femoral head appears as a _ _

Answer 21

hyper echoic circle (with smooth borders and tiny echoes)

Question 22

the acetabulum appears _

Answer 22

echogenic

Question 23

4 views used in a hip exam

Answer 23

• coronal/neutral
• coronal/flexion
• transverse/flexion
• transverse/neutral

Question 24

in the normal coronal/neutral view, the _ head is resting against the bony acetabulum

Answer 24

femoral

Question 25

the wide portion of a long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis is the _

Answer 25

metaphysis

Question 26

a normal hip gives the appearance of a _ on a _ in the mid acetabulum

Answer 26

ball on a spoon

Question 27

in the normal hip, the femoral head is _ seen over the posterior lip of the acetabulum

Answer 27

never

Question 28

(unstable or stable) portion of the femoral head appears over the posterior lip of the triadiate cartilage as the femur is pushed

Answer 28

unstable hip

Question 29

(unstable or stable) the femoral head is never seen over the posterior lip of the acetabulum

Answer 29

normal hip

Question 30

the attempt to reduce a dislocated hip with abduction _ _

Answer 30

ortolani maneuver

Question 31

which type of hip dislocation has traumatic and non traumatic etiologies

Answer 31

acquired

Question 32

which type of hip dislocation occurs in utero and is associated with neuromuscular disorders

Answer 32

teratogenic

Question 33

which type of hip dislocation was formerly known as congenital hip dysplasia

Answer 33

developmental

Question 34

risk factors associated with DDH (7+)

Answer 34

- females (4:1) - left hip more than rt (or both) - breech presentation - oligohydramnios - family history - firstborns - caucasian - maternal hypertension - increased birth weight - potter's syndrome

Question 35

newborns with risk of DDH can be examined at _ to _ weeks

Answer 35

4 to 6

Question 36

all _ babies should be scanned

Answer 36

breech

Question 37

a _ hip is one in which the proximal femur moves greater than 6 mm on the left and 4 mm on the right

Answer 37

subluxable

Question 38

a _ hip is one in which the proximal femur can be displaces out of the acetabulum but can be reduced

Answer 38

dislocatable

Question 39

possible treatments of hip problems (3)

Answer 39

- ortolani maneuver - pavlik harness - surgery