Pediatric Final Exam Flashcards
The cardiac silhouette of patients with Tetralogy of Fallot is best described as:
a. boot shaped
The most common cause of neonatal seizures is
b. hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Immunization with polio vaccine may be started as early as
b. 6 weeks of age
Measles immune globulin may prevent or modify infection if given within
b. 6 days after exposure
What congenital anomaly is associated with growth and mental retardation, abnormal facial features like low set ears, hypotonia and an endocardial cushion defect?
b. Down’s syndrome
A scaphoid abdomen at birth usually suggests a:
a. diaphragmatic hernia
One of the following drugs is ABSOLUTELY contraindicated to Breastfeeding:
c. tetracycline
The presence of subperiosteal hemorrhage in the newborn which is located to the surface of one cranial bone is called:
d. cephalhematoma
Congenital Rubella Syndrome is characterized by the following conglomeration of symptoms:
a. cataracts, cardiac abnormality, hearing defects, microcephaly and mental retardation
The mature levels of surfactant is seen by:
d. 35 weeks
The most frequently fractured bone of the newborn during labor and delivery is the:
c. clavicle
A 5 year old child suddenly developed edema . It was more prominent in the morning. No meds and consult done. However, she complained of headache and noted dark colored urine. On day of consult, she also noted decrease frequency of urination:
c. Acute Glomerulonephritis
A 16 year old female developed nephritis. Her C3 is noted to be low. She is also complaining of joint pains and photosensitivity. The probable diagnosis of this patient is:
c. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
The most common pathogen associated with HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME is :
c. E. Coli
The SMR stage of a female adolescent who presents with coarse abundant curly pubic hair and an areola and papilla with a secondary mound is a:
d. SMR 4
Delayed eruption is considered when there is no teeth at approximately:
d. 13 months
The principal vector of DENGUE FEVER is:
b. Aedes Aegypti
A 5 year old male was noted to have fever of five days duration which is rapidly increasing to 39 to 40 C . It is accompanied by frontal headache and was noted to have back pain. After 2 days of defervecence of fever rashes appear at the lower and
d. Dengue Fever
The WHO criteria for dengue hemorrahagic fever are the following:
a. fever, minor or major hemorrhagic manifestation and thrombocytopenia
A 6 year old child developed high grade fever and cough. Chest x- ray was done and reveled pnuematocoeles . What is the most common pathogenic organism responsible for pneumatocoeles?
d. Staphylococcal
An important indicator of pneumonia among infants is:
b. increased respiratory rate
The drug of choice for atypical pneumonia is:
c. Erythromycin
One of the following is a pathologic finding in the newborn:
d. Jaundice during the first 24 hours
The duration of treatment for uncomplicated H. Influenzae meningitis is
b. 7-10 days
Acute bronchiolitis, a common disease of infants has a peak incidence at
c. 6 months of age
Stridor is most commonly seen in infants with
a. croup
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is associated with
b. rubeola
The absolute contraindication to giving immunization is:
d. previous anaphylactic reaction
A 10-month old male comes in for a well-baby visit. He had BCG, 3 doses of DPT & OPV and 2 doses of hepatitis B vaccine. What can you give him for this particular visit?
a. measles & 3rd dose of Hepatitis B vaccine
The WHO recommends that breast feeding can be the infant’s sole source of food up to about:
b. 6 months of age
Which vaccine should be given intradermally?
b. BCG
A fully immunized child is one who has completed the following before 12 months of age:
d. 3 hepatitis B; BCG; 3 DPT; 3 OPV, measles vaccine
A 12-year old male with repeated episodes of streptococcal pharyngitis comes to the clinic with another episode of sore throat. Oral amoxicillin was started. One hour later, he had tingling sensation around his mouth, difficulty of swallowing and dev
a. epinephrine
A 12-year old presents with sneezing, clear rhinorrhea and nasal itching. Physical examination reveals boggy, pale nasal edema with a clear discharge. The most likely diagnosis is:
d. allergic rhinitis
The most common manifestation of rheumatic fever in children is:
c. carditis
An 18-month old is noted to assume a squatting position frequently during playtime at the daycare center. The mother also notices occasional episodes of perioral cyanosis during some of these squatting periods. The day of admission, the child becomes
c. tetralogy of Fallot
A 14-year old male presents with Grade 4/6 regurgitant systolic murmur at the apex with history of swollen and painful joints. The murmur is most likely:
b. mitral regurgitation
A 14-year old female was brought to you because of mother’s worry that she has no menarche yet as compared to her classmates. Medical history and complete PE are normal. Breast development and pubic hair have been present for 18 months and are normal
a. reassurance that she likely will begin menstruating within the year
The hallmarks of diabetes insipidus are:
c. polyuria and polydypsia
A 2-year old male presents with a history of chronic constipation. Upon review of history, you were told that he had delayed passage of black stools. He had unremarkable PE findings. The parents were giving him laxatives for the past 2 weeks. Your mo
d. Hirschprung disease
A prominent clinical presentation of duodenal atresia is:
a. bilious vomiting without abdominal distention
The radiologic finding of “double tract sign” is typically seen in:
b. pyloric stenosis
Classic hemophilia is best treated by giving:
b. Factor VIII
A 5-year old female has multiple bruises on her lower extremities and oral mucosal bleeding for 3 days’ duration. Two weeks before these signs she had a mild respiratory tract infection. Physical examination reveals multiple ecchymoses and petechiae;
d. idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Which of the following suggests a bacterial etiology in a child with tonsillopharyngitis?
b. beefy tonsils with petechiae
A 1-year old infant had cough 2 weeks PTC which started as mild and becoming paroxysmal. This was accompanied by low-grade fever but was relieved by antipyretics. She had a poor history of immunizations. PPE showed explosive outburst of cough accompa
c. pertussis
The period of communicability of mumps in a child is:
c. from several days before the onset of swelling until the swelling has subsided
A 12-year old girl had a mild sore throat, low-grade fever and a diffuse maculopapular rash. During the next 24 hours, she developed redness of her eyes. PE showed mild tenderness and marked swelling of her posterior cervical and occipital lymph node
a. Rubella
Which is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in children?
a. Staphylococcus aureus
A full term newborn with Apgar score of 8 & 9, is having episodes of cyanosis and apnea which are worse when attempting to feed, but seems better when crying. At this point, it is important to establish:
b. choanal atresia
The initial treatment for neonates with sepsis consists of:
c. ampicillin + aminoglycoside
A 10-day old infant who was born by NSD by a “hilot” was brought in because of difficulty of sucking and excessive crying noted 2 days PTC. PPE: wt= 3,000 gms; T= 37.5˚C, with hoarse cry and spasms. Lungs were clear. The most appropriate treatment wo
b. penicillin by IV
A 3-year old child awakens at night with high-grade fever, a severe sore throat and a barking cough. P.E. shows a child who is drooling and with respiratory stridor. Lungs are clear. The child may have:
c. acute epiglottitis
A 10-month old infant has fever, cough, dyspnea and leucocytosis. Chest x-ray shows patchy distribution of consolidation. Treatment of choice without bacterial culture is:
a. Ampicillin
Tracheo-esophageal fistula is usually suspected in one of the following conditions:
a. excessive oral secretions
A syndrome that starts as diarrhea and progresses to fever, oliguria, acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic anemia in children is due to:
b. hemolytic-uremic syndrome
A 2-year old female was hospitalized because of afternoon fever and anorexia for 3 weeks and seizures few hours prior to consultation. No previous medications; no history of seizures in the past. PE findings: T=39.5˚C, stuporous, (+) nuchal rigidity,
c. INH/Rifampicin/Streptomycin/corticosteroids
Sparse and thin hair with dyspigmentation as a sign of undernutrition is commonly observed in:
b. kwashiorkor
Milk feedings must be supplemented with iron preparations to prevent iron deficiency anemia starting:
a. 6-8 weeks of age
The present age recommendation to start solid food for supplementation for infants is at:
b. 6 months of age
Normally, a newborn infant’s weight may decrease 10% below the birth-weight in the first week of life as a result of:
a. excretion of excess extravascular fluid
The 1-minute APGAR Score may indicate which of the following?
a. the need for immediate resuscitation
In general, jaundice is considered pathologic and therefore, a search to determine its cause should be made if:
d. direct-reacting bilirubin is greater than 2 mg/dL at any time
An infant is observed to follow objects 18 degrees, laughs out loud and grasp objects and bring them to mouth. He must be:
d. 4 months old
This is a major milestone at about 9 months old age, which is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when not seen:
b. object constancy
The first visible sign of puberty in girls is:
a. thelarche
This vaccine is contraindicated in household contacts of immunocompromised persons:
a. OPV
Baby Girl Cruz was delivered spontaneously at term to a 28 y/o G3P2 mother. Following delivery, she was noted to be limp, had irregular respiration, CR 80/min, extremities and body cyanotic with no response to suctioning of oronasal passages. What i
a. 2
The second dose of MMR should be routinely given at the age of:
c. 4-6 years old
If the first dose of Hepatitis B vaccine was given at birth, the last dose should not be given before the age of:
a. 6 months
For infants born to mothers whose HBsAG status is unknown, the first dose of Hepatitis B should be given at what age?
a. within 12 hours at birth
A 4 year old child is expected to have an approximate weight of:
c. 16 kg
