Pediatric Emergencies Flashcards
Leading cause of preventable death in children?
Failure to control the airway
Second leading cause of preventable death in children?
Failure to correct fluid deficits
Pediatric arrests represent ___% of all arrests.
5
Neonate in shock - additional important DDx?
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Inborn errors of metabolism
Obstructive left-sided cardiac lesions, including aortic stenosis, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and coarctation of the aorta
Rapid cardiopulmonary assessment?
- General appearance (color, mental status, tone/activity/movement, age-appropriate responsiveness)
- ABCs
- Classification of physiologic status
Assess Breathing in a child?
RR
Effort/mechanics
Breath sounds/air entry/TV - stridor, wheeze
Skin color and pulse ox
Define respiratory distress vs. failure.
Distress - increased WOB
Failure - inadequate O2 or ventilation (pO2 dropping or pCO2 rising, hallmark - AMS)
Important CV parameters in young children?
BP depends on HR and SVR
Stroke volume is fixed in this population
Assess Circulation in a child?
Observe mental status
Feel for HR, pulse quality, skin temperature, capillary refill, color (pink, pale, blue, mottled, grey)
Measure BP early
Measure urine output later (4-6 wet diapers in 24 hours)
GCS verbal score for infants?
5 - coos, babbles 4 - irritable cries 3 - cries to pain 2 - moans to pain 1 - none
Minimally acceptable systolic blood pressure (5th percentile) for 0-1 mo, >1 mo to 1 yr, 1-10 yr, >10 yr
60
70
70 + 2(age in years)
90
Normal urine output in pediatrics?
1-2 mL/kg/hr
initial measurement of urine in bladder is NOT helpful
Physiologic status classifications?
Stable Respiratory distress Respiratory failure Compensated shock Decompensated shock CP failure
Common pediatric problems in ED?
Fever Respiratory distress (bronchiolitis, asthma, pneumonia) Gastroenteritis Seizures Trauma (child abuse)
Etiologies of seizures in ED in pediatrics?
Fever Head trauma Hypoxia Infection Ingestion Hypoglycemia Metabolic disorder Bleeding into the brain Low level anti-seizure medication
