Pediatric Dysphagia Flashcards
The disruption or limitation of swallowing skills that can cause problems with safety, efficiency, or nutritional fulfillment.
abnormal swallowing
The suck-swallow-breath ratio in a nutritive pattern.
1:1:1
The suck-swallow-breath ratio in a non-nutritive pattern.
7 (or more):1:1
Describe the an infant’s structures relevant to feeding.
small oral cavity
tongue-filled
presence of fat pads in the cheeks
soft palate and epiglottis are in contact
higher laryngeal structures
What are the common causes of pediatric dysphagia?
prematurity
respiratory disorders
reflux
CP, hydrocephalus, seizures
DS, CLAP
lip tie, tongue tie
Poor bolus propulsion and containment could be symptoms in what phase/s of feeding?
oral phase
Weak or uncoordinated suck could be symptoms in what phase/s of feeding?
oral phase
Immature or disorders biting/chewing could be symptoms in what phase/s of feeding?
oral phase
If an infant shows no presence of rooting, sucking, and suckling reflexes, these could be symptoms of pediatric dysphagia in what phase/s of feeding?
oral phase
Laryngeal penetration could be symptoms of dysphagia in what phase/s of feeding?
pharyngeal phase
Enumerate 4 symptoms of dysphagia in pharyngeal phase (e.g., laryngeal penetration).
aspiration, choking, pharyngeal residue, nasopharyngeal reflux
Enumerate possible symptoms of dysphagia in trigger swallow reflex phase.
absent swallow reflex, delayed trigger of swallow, and suck-swallow-breath incoordination
What could be red flag signs that would indicate possibility of pediatric dysphagia?
delayed developmental milestones, inadequate nutritional intake, anatomical or physiological problems, behavior difficulties
What are the movements required for sucking?
lip protrusion
jaw stability
active sucking
tongue elevation and depression
tongue base retraction
Upon arriving at the room of the referred patient in the NICU, enumerate the assessment tasks you have to conduct.
check vital signs
intensive chart review
full OPM assessment
swallowing assessment
feeding milestone assessment
instrumental assessment (if needed)
When conducting OPM assessment, specifically on the face and lips, what method/s can be done ?
stroking via deep linear or fast taps on forehead, upper lip, and chin
When conducting OPM assessment, specifically on the lips, what method/s can be done ?
use bottle/pacifier to stimulate
observe latching
When conducting OPM assessment, specifically to check jaw depression and elevation, what method/s can be done ?
pressing down on lower lip using finger or rubber spoon
When conducting OPM assessment, specifically to check jaw lateralization and chewing, what method/s can be done ?
c-strokes on buccal cavity
When conducting OPM assessment on the sensation and appearance of the tongue, what movements are we looking for?
protrusion
lateralization
elevation
depression
retraction
cupping
tip elevation
When conducting a feeding assessment, what parameters are we checking?
sucking ratio
suckling ratio
chewing patterns
Enumerate important considerations in the treatment of pediatric dysphagia.
caregiver compliance
pleasurable feeding experience
growth
SES
When the referred patient is NPO, what treatment tasks could be performed?
peri-oral stimulation
oral stimulation
taste stimulation
s-s-b coordination training
cup-based feeding (if feasible)
When the referred patient is PO, what treatment tasks could be performed?
positioning modification
feeding modification
introduce varying consistencies
