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Pediatric Derm Flashcards

1
Q
A

Mongolian Spot

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2
Q

What are Mongolian spots

A

Collection of melanocytes in the dermal layer

Also known as congenital dermo-melanocytosis

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3
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Mongolian spots

A

Flat blue or gray lesions with well-defined margins

Commonly found in the presacral region

More common dark skinned races

Often confused with bruises

Will fade with time

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4
Q
A

Erythema toxicum

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5
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of erythema toxicum

A

Small papules/pustules on an erythematous base

Usually appear after first day of life

Lesions will contain mostly eosinophils

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6
Q
A

Seborrheic dermatitis

“Cradle Cap”

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7
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis

A

Erythematous, try, crusting lesions on the face, scalp, perineum, postauricular and intertrigenous Areas

less pruritic than eczema

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8
Q

What are intertrigenous ares

A

Area where two surfaces of skin touch or rub together

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9
Q

What is the treatment first of seborrheic dermatitis

A

Baby oil

Dandruff shampoo (Hypersensitivity to yeast)

Hydrocortisone for severe cases

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10
Q
A

Milia

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11
Q

What is Milia

A

Small inclusions cyst

Epstein’s pearls in the mouth are common

Self-limited, benign

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12
Q
A

Cutis Marmorata

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13
Q

What is cutis marmorata

A

Lacy pattern on skin

Represents is a vasomotor response to cold stress

Persistent form is seen with trisomy 21 and trisomy 18

Usually decreases with warmth to the child

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14
Q
A

Neonatal Acne

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15
Q

What is neonatal acne

A

Comedomes caused by an excess in circulating androgenic hormones

No treatment usually required

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16
Q
A

Salmon Patch

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17
Q
A

Stork Bite

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18
Q

What is a salmon patch

A

Flat vascular lesion commonly seen over the eyelids, glabella, the nucal areas, symmetric

Usually disappears time

Distinguish from Portwine stains (permanent, unilateral, more intensely colored)

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19
Q
A

Capillary Hemangioma

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20
Q

What is a capillary hemangioma

A

Macular strawberry colored lesions

Grow quickly in the first your life

99% regressed completely by age 9 with no treatment

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21
Q

When is treatment indicated for capillary hemangioma

A

Becomes Caverness (Kasabach merrit)

Is in the airway (suggested by cutaneous lessions in a beard distribution)

Threatens vision

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22
Q

What is kasabach merrit syndrome

A

Hemangioma with thrombocytopenia

Vascular tumor leads to decrease in platelets

May become cavernous

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23
Q
A

Portwine stain

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24
Q
A

Cafe Au Lait spots

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25
What are the signs and symptoms of cafe au lait spots
Sharply demarcated tan or light brown flat lesions Occur anywhere Variable and size Associate with neurofibromatosis
26
Acne Vulgaris
27
What is that Acne Vulgaris
Skin disorder caused by: 1. Abnormal characterization of the follicular epithelium 2. Increase sebum 3. Inflammation from bacteria growth (Propionibacterium acnes) All these changes are stimulated by pubertal hormonal changes
28
What is the treatment for acne vulgaris
Keep skin cleaned No special diet Abnormal keratin: benzyl peroxide's (topical) Bacterial Overgrowth: topical (clindamycin) or Systemic antibiotics (tetracyclines) Increased Sebum: topical or systemic retinoids
29
What side effects are associated with systemic retinoid therapy
Photosensitivity birth defects
30
Atopic Dermatitis
31
What is atopic dermatitis
Chronic relapsing remitting inflammatory skin reaction with a strong genetic predelection
32
What are the signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis
Pruritic your erythematous papulovesicular reaction that progresses to scaling, hypertrophy and lichenification Less than two years: extensors, face, scalp, sparing of diaper Older: flexor, neck, wrist, ankles
33
What is the treatment for atopic dermatitis
Emoillents, decreased irritants Topical corticosteroids Topical immunosuppressants (tacrolimus, pimectrolimus)
34
What complications are associate with atopic dermatitis
Bacterial or herpetic superinfection Staph, strep, HSV
35
Psoriasis
36
What is psoriasis
Chronic inflammatory disease with strong genetic predisposition that affects 1 to 3% of the population
37
What are the signs and symptoms of psoriasis
Plaques and papules with silver scale mostly on extensor surfaces Nail Findings: pitting, oncholysis, and yellow discoloration
38
What is the treatment for psoriasis
Emollients, topical steroids, tar and phototherapy
39
Tinea Corporis
40
What pathogens are associated with tinea corporis
Trichophyton tonsurans Microsporum canis
41
What are the signs and symptoms of tinea corporis
Annular lesion with raised order, scaling and central clearing
42
What is included in the differential for tinea corporis
Erythema migrants (lime disease) nummular eczema Psoriasis Erthema Multiforme
43
What is the treatment for tinea corporis
Topical antifungal (such as clotrimazole)
44
Tinea Capatis
45
Kerion
46
What pathogens are associated with tinea capitis
Trichophytum tonsurans, Microsporum Canis
47
What are the signs and symptoms of tinea capitis
Hair loss, scalp pruritus, (black dot sign), occipital adenopathy
48
What is the treatment for tinea capitis
Griseofulvin for 4 to 6 weeks
49
What is a kerion
Allergic reaction to the fungus causing a buggy granulomatous mass. They often resolve on their own; some require steroids
50
What causes the "black dot sign"
broken hairs at the base that looks like black dots
51
Staphylococcal Scalded skin syndrome
52
What are the signs and symptoms of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Ill peering infant with inflamed maculopapular rash with purulent discharge
53
What is the treatment for staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Fluid resuscitation, intravenous antibiotics
54
Impetigo
55
What is impetigo
Superficial skin infections staph aureus or group A beta-hemolytic strep
56
Where the signs and symptoms of impetigo
Nonbullous: vesicles, papules, plus shows that rupturing leave a honey colored crust over a shallow ulcerated base Bullous: red macules the progress to bullous reactions on an erythematous base
57
What is the treatment of impetigo
Bactroban: Mupirocin tropical Oral antibiotics if extensive
58
Pityriasis Rosea
59
What are the signs and symptoms of pityriasis rosea
Herald patch: annular, raised boarder with fine adherent scales 5 to 10 days later, widespread symmetric eruption: oval, round, less than 1 cm, may have scale, "Christmas tree pattern" - follow skin folds; pruritic May persist for 4 to 6 weeks
60
What is the treatment for pityriasis rosea
Emoilents Antihistamines Trial of steroids, but this is yet to be proven
61
Cellulitis
62
What are the signs and symptoms of cellulitis
Erythema, warm, paint It's an infection of the deeper layers of the skin caused by group A beta-hemolytic strep or staph aureus
63
Erythema multiforme
64
What are the signs and symptoms of erythema multiforme
Hypersensitivity reaction associated with viral infections, mycoplasma infection, drug ingestion, immunizations and food reactions Signs and symptoms: symmetric distribution of lesions evolving through multiple morphological stages including target lesions
65
What is the treatment of erythema multiforme
Symptomatic
66
Steven Johnson syndrome
67
What is Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Severe form of erythema multiforme Signs and symptoms: inflammatory Bullae on two or more mucous membranes
68
What is the treatment for Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Supportive care, especially fluid management Associated with a 10% mortality

Pediatrics (8 decks)

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