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Pediatric Conditions > Pediatric Conditions > Flashcards

Pediatric Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What age is considered Neonate?

A

0 - 28 days

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2
Q

What age is considered Infant?

A

1 month - 12 months

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3
Q

What age is considered Child?

A

1 - 12 years

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4
Q

What age is considered Adolescent?

A

13 - 18 years

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5
Q

What criteria do you want to seek urgent care for a child?

3

A

1) Age <3 months old with temp of 100.4 F (rectal)
2) Age 3 - 6 months with temp of 101 F (rectal)
3) Age > 6 months with temp of 103 F (rectal)

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6
Q

What is the APGAR scoring and when is it taken?

A

It is a newborn’s general condition assessment which is taken 1 minute and again at 5 minute from birth

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7
Q

What are the 3 most common pre-term baby condition?

A

1) Patent ductus Arteriosus
- NSAID can help PDA close

2) Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
- Supportive care and inhaled nitric oxide (NO)

3) Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- Due to lack of surfactants
- Med used to treat will have “surf” and “actant’ in it’s name

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8
Q

Why is Aspirin and other salicylate-containing produces deems unsafe for pt. < 16 years old?

A

B/c it is associated with Reye’s syndrome in patient recovering form a viral infection

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9
Q

In what age group is ibuprofen not recommended and why?

A

Infants age < 6 months

due to nephrotoxicity

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10
Q

What drug can be used in infants < 6 months for mild pain and fever?

A

Acetaminophen only

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11
Q

At what age is both Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen safe to use for mild pain and fever?

A

> 6 months

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12
Q

How is Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen given while alternating?

A

Acetaminophen given first then ibuprofen given 3 hours later, each drug is dosed every 6 hours

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13
Q

What drug can be used to relieve intestinal gas in infants due to distress post-feedings?

A

Simethicone drops

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14
Q

What age is OTC cough and cold medication not recommended in children?

A

< 2 years old per FDA

< 6 years old per American Academy of Pediatrics

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15
Q

What can be recommended for Nasal Congestion in children < 2 years old?

A

Humidifier and gentle suction with saline drops or spray

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16
Q

What is recommended for intermittent constipation in children?

A

Polyethylene glycol 3350 0.2 - 0.8 g/kg/day as long as pt can swallow med.

Glycerin suppositories for fast relief

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17
Q

What is the weight dose of Acetaminophen?

A

10 - 15 mg/kg/dose every 4 - 6 hours

max 75 mg/kg/day

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18
Q

What is the weight dose of Ibuprofen?

A

5 - 10 mg/kg/dose every 6 - 8 hours

max 40 mg/kg/day

19
Q

What are the most common signs and symptoms of Bacterial Meningitis in neonates?

A

Bulging fontanelles (swelling b/w the bones of the skull) and nuchal rigidity (inability to bend the neck), Altered mental status

20
Q

How can you diagnosis Bacterial Meningitis in neonates?

A

Lumbar puncture

21
Q

What is the predominate pathogen responsible for Bacterial Meningitis in neonates?

A

Group B Streptococcus (GBS)
Escherichia coli
Listeria
Klebsiella

22
Q

What is the empiric treatments for Bacterial Meningitis in neonates and for children 1 month - 2+ years?

A

Ampicillin + Cefotaxime or Gentamicin
Avoid Cefriaxone in neonates (which is used in adults) b/c it displaces bilirubin from albumin and can cause brain damage

1 month - 2+ years: Vancomycin + 3rd gen cephalosporin

23
Q

What is the common cause of Bronchiolotis in children?

A

RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)

24
Q

What are some symptoms of RSV?

A

low grade fever
cough
dyspnea
cyanosis

25
Q

What are the treatment for RSV?

A

Supportive care

Inhaled Ribavirin (Virazole) for major cases with underlying lower respiratory conditions only

26
Q

What can be used as RSV Prophylaxis

A

Palivizumab (Synagis)

Dosed monthly, no more than 5 monthly doses

27
Q

Who can get RSV prophylaxis? (3)

A

1) Premature infants born at < 29 weeks gestation
2) Premature infants born < 32 weeks gestation with chronic lung disease (CLD) who are < 12 months of age
3) Infants < 12 months of age with certain heart conditions

28
Q

When can RSV prophylaxis be given?

A

During RSV season (late fall, early winter, early spring)

29
Q

Croup is also known as…?

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis

30
Q

What is Croup?

A

A viral infection causing inflammation of the upper airway, larynx, trachea and bronchi

31
Q

What is the hallmark sign of Croup?

A

Inspiratory stridor (high pitched breathing sound), barking cough and hoarseness

32
Q

At what age is Croup common?

A

< 6 years old

33
Q

What is the drug treatment of Croup?

A

Systemic steroid (Dexamethasone) and then nebulizer racemes epinephrine (L-isomer being its active component)

34
Q

What is the only drug recommendation for Nocturnal Enuresis (or bed wetting) and what is its contraindications?

A

Desmopressin QHS

Contraindication: Hyponatremia

35
Q

What drugs are contraindicated in pediatrics patients? (4)

A

Codeine in age < 12 years
Tramadol in age < 12 years
Promethazine in age < 2 years
Ceftriaxone in neonates (1-28 days )

36
Q

What drugs are not generally recommended in pediatric patients? (4)

A

Quinolones
Tetracyclines in age <8 years
OTC teething medications containing benzocaine in age < 2 years
OTC cougars and cold preparation in age < 6 years

37
Q

What are the sign/symptoms of Measles?

A 
Koplik spots (white spots) on the inside of the cheeks
Maculopapular rash

Airborne

38
Q

What are the sign/symptoms of Mumps?

A

Swollen and tender salivary glands under the ears (parotitis)

39
Q

What are the sign/symptoms of Rubella?

A

A fine, pink rash that begins on the face and quickly spreads to the rest of the body

40
Q

What are the sign/symptoms of Polio?

A

Leg deformity

41
Q

What are the sign/symptoms of Pertussis?

A

Whoop sounding cough

Can cause respiratory failure and death

42
Q

What are the sign/symptoms of Rotavirus?

A

Diarrhea, fever, vomiting

43
Q

What are the sign/symptoms of Varicella?

A

Chickenpox, pox spots

Pediatric Conditions (1 decks)

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