Pediatric Care Flashcards
Risk factors for obesity
parental obesity, poor nutrition, low levels of physical activity, inadequate sleep, sedentary behaviors, low family income
risk factors for obesity in younger children
maternal diabetes, maternal smoking, gestational weight gain, rapid infant growth
recommended screening for obesity
BMI (CDC chart age 2yrs and older)
explain the chronic care model and how it relates to treatment of chronic conditions
integrates community resources, health care, and patient self-management to provide more comprehensive care.
monitors adherence to evidence care pathways and sites/practices adherence to goals.
recognizes the importance of change in the school, worksite, and community.
how do cultural values impact obesity care
cultural values and beliefs impact what is an attractive/healthy weight, what foods are appropriate for parents to provide children, how families share meals, the importance of physical activity.
top 7 healthy habits that prevent excessive weight gain
- limiting sugar-sweetened beverages
- encouraging recommended intakes of fruits/veggies (9 servings a day)
- limiting screen time (max 2 hours/day)
- consumption of daily breakfast
- limiting eating out at restaurants/fast food
- encouraging family meals as they are associated with a higher-quality diet and psychosocial benefits
- limiting portion sizes
top 6 nutrient specific recommendations for health
- diet rich in calcium
- diet high in fiber
- diet with balanced macronutrients
- encouraging exclusive breastfeeding to 6months and maintenance after introducing solid foods to 12months+
- moderate to vigorous activity for at least 60mins/day
- limiting consumption of energy dense foods
describe the stages of change theory
stages that precede actual behavior change
precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, relapse, maintenance
discuss the technique of motivational interviewing
- nondirective questions about parent/patients attitude toward weight/eating habits
- reflective listening - clinician summarizes parents comments without judgement
- values and current health practices should be compared
- importance/confidence rulers used (scale of 1-10)
what is the role of the school and community
local programs to prevent obesity with local, state, national advocacy. adequate physical education. establishment of nutritional standards for foods served at school. establishment and maintenance of safe parks and recreation centers. local grocery stores to offer healthy, low cost foods that are culturally appropriate
identify common symptoms and management: sleep apnea
leads to poor attention, poor academic performance. enuresis.
symptoms: loud snoring with pauses in breathing
treatment: removing tonsils and adenoids if enlarged, weight loss
identify common symptoms and management: asthma
symptoms: shortness of breath and exercise intolerance
treatment: medication, managing symptoms to minimize limitations on exercise
identify common symptoms and management: NAFLD
symptoms: none. abdominal pain or mild hepatomegaly
screening: elevated ALT and AST levels
treatment: weight loss
identify common symptoms and management: T2DM
risk factors: BMI >85%ile, family hx, racial backgrounds (black, hispanic, native american), pcos, acanthosis, cardiovascular disease
screening: fasting glucose of >126mg/dl or non-fasting of >200. fasting of >100 is considered prediabetes
a comprehensive . intensive behavioral intervention of how many hours and over what time frame resulted in weight loss
26 contact hours or more over 2-12 months resulted in weight loss. behavioral interventions with a total of 52 contact hours demonstrated greater weight loss and improvements in cardio and metabolic risk factors
