Pediatric Cardiac Disorders NUR 2310 Flashcards
A parent of an 18 month old reports that the baby feeds poorly and tires easily when playing. upon assessment, the nurse notes SOB, heard a fixed split second heart sound and systolic murmur, and palpated a right ventricular heave. what heart condition is presented
Atrial septal defect (ASD): opening in the septum between the atrium; blood shunts from left to the right; often caused by failure of foramen ovale to close.
Echocardiogram confirmed the diagnosis.
the parent ask how the Atrial septal defect (ASD) is cured, what is the best response
Small ASDs close spontaneously by 18 months old
If not spontaneously resolved by 3, surgery will likely be needed
Diagnostic Tests for Cardiovascular Disorders
Pulse oximetry
Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Holter monitoring
Echocardiogram
Chest radiograph
Exercise stress testing
Arteriogram and cardiac catheterization
A parent brings their 2 yr old for the usual checkup. He complains that his child seems too small for their age and gets the flu easily. upon assessment the nurse auscultate a holosystolic harsh murmur and adventitious breath sounds. chest thrills where also Palpated. what heart condition could this be
Ventricular septal defect (VSD): opening in the septum between the ventricles; blood shunts from left side to right side, allowing oxygenated blood to mix with unoxygenated blood.
VSD-Diagnostics
Echocardiogram or MRI are used for diagnosis
May identify right ventricular hypertrophy and dilation of the pulmonary arteries
VSD treatment
By age 2, half of children diagnosed will have spontaneous resolution
Larger defects need surgical by 2 years old to prevent pulmonary disease
during the new born check, the nurse notice the infant has Tachycardia, bounding peripheral pulses, wide pulse pressures, low diastolic BP and crackles
what CHD does the infant have?
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth. Resulting in a connection between the aorta and pulmonary artery. Blood is shunted from the left side to the right side.
PDA-Diagnostics
Echocardiogram determines extent of defect and confirms diagnosis
Chest X-ray may show cardiomegaly
cyanotic at birth,
Child may have mild cyanosis that progresses.
experience acute episodes of hypoxia may occur during agitation or crying.
Posturing or squatting in the older child.
Clubbing, loud harsh murmur
May have history of irritability, sleepiness or difficulty breathing. what CHD is this
Tetralogy of Fallot
which CHD have Marked differences in blood pressure in the upper and lower extremities, epistaxis. Headaches.
Bounding radial and temporal pulses.
Dizziness and fainting.
Leg pain with activity
Coarctation of the Aorta
Coarctation of the Aorta
Coarctation of the aorta (narrowing of the aortic arch); specific symptoms depend on the location of the coarctation in relation to arteries coming off the aortic arch.
child complains of chest pain. assessment shows, faint pulses, hypotension, tachycardia.
Aortic Stenosis. Aortic stenosis: a narrowing or constriction of the aortic valve that increases resistance to ejection of blood from the left ventricle into systemic circulation; increases pulmonary vascular congestion
what CHD occurs when the pulmonary artery receives blood from the left ventricle, and the aorta receives blood from the right ventricle
Transposition of the Great Vessels. Prostaglandins may be given to maintain patency of ductus arteriosus to promote mixing of blood. surgery indicated
the parent of a Six yr old reports that the child’s tough is very red and the lips are dry. the child also had a fever for 5 days and is frustrated because it wont disappear. upon assessment the nurse notes red conjunctiva,
Inflammation of pharynx, tachycardia, and a gallop rhythm. what is the child presenting
Kawasaki Disease, cause unknown
Kawasaki Disease
Diagnostics
Anemia, leukocytosis (shift to the left).
Elevated sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein (CRP).
Echocardiogram to monitor cardiac function.
