Pediatric Cardiac Disorders Flashcards
What type of heart defect is Tetralogy of Fallot?
Cyanotic (decreases pulmonary blood flow)
What are the 4 heart defects found in Tetralogy of Fallot?
“RAPS”
1) Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
2) Aorta Displacement
3) Pulmonary Stenosis
4) Septal Defect (ventrical)
What is a “tet” spell and how is it relieved?
An hypoxic episode relieved by squatting or being placed in knee/chest position.
What blood disorder is common in children with cyanotic heart disorders?
Polycythemia (increased red blood cells)
What kind of murmur is heard in Tetralogy of Fallot?
Loud systolic murmur and thrill heard over the left sternal border at the 2nd intercostal space.
What are classic symptoms of Cyanotic Heart Disorders?
Squatting
Cyanosis
Clubbing
Syncope
What are classic symptoms of Acyanotic Heart Disorders?
Fatigue Murmur Increased risk of endocarditis CHF Growth retardation
What are the cyanotic heart disorders?
Tetralogy of Fallot (decreased pulmonary flow)
TGV (mixed pulmonary flow)
TA (mixed pulmonary flow)
What are the acyanotic heart disorders?
ASD
VSD
PDA (all increased pulmonary flow)
Coarctation/stenosis of aorta (obstructive pulmonary flow)
What is a condition that causes blood to seep from the aorta through the ductus arteriosus and into the pulmonary artery?
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
What does the left-to-right shunting of blood in PDA cause?
pulmonary hypertension
What is Indomethacin?
A prostaglandin inhibitor given to pre-term infants to help treat Patent Ductus Arteriosus.
What condition causes a continuous machine-like heart murmer?
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
What causes high BP in upper extremities but low BP in lower extremities?
Coarctation of the Aorta
What causes strong, bounding pulses in the upper body and absent or weak femoral pulses and cool lower extremities?
Coarctation of the Aorta
Which condition causes rib notching?
Coarctation of the Aorta
What is a condition caused by failure of an embryonic structure to divide into two separate arteries? What are those arteries?
Truncus Arteriosus
Pulmonary Artery and Aorta
Truncus Arteriosus usually occurs with another defect that allows survival past birth. What is that defect?
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
What is Transposition of the Great Vessels?
The Pulmonary Artery and Aorta are reversed. Each side has its own circulation with no communication. It is LIFE THREATENING.
What medication is given to prevent closure of ductus arteriosus in a child with Transposition of the Great Vessels?
Prostaglandin E (PGE)
What is the therapeutic range for Digoxin?
0.8 -2.0 ng/mL
When to administer Digoxin?
1 hour before meal or 2 hours after meal. Do not mix with formula or food.
When to hold Digoxin?
When pulse is below is 70 in children and 90-100 in infants.
