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Nicu Brodsky+Pediatrix+NeoReview Questions > Pediatric Board Review Questions > Flashcards

Pediatric Board Review Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Central cyanosis occurs when

A

deoxygenated hemoglobin exceeds 3 g/dL

ie Hgb 12, cyanotic if 3 is deoxygenated. So O2 sat would be 9/12, or 75% when you see cyanosis

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2
Q

Cause of prolonged QT interval

A

hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia conversely causes shortened QT

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3
Q

Oxygen delivery to alveoli

A

(ml/kg/min) = alveolar MV x FiO2
Alveolar MV = TV x RR

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4
Q

Increasing CO will change O2 delivery but not content

A

reminder is all

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5
Q

Incidence of Single UA

A

1%. More common in twins (3-4x)

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6
Q

Pre-E vs severe pre-E

A

Pre-E: SBP>140, DBP > 90
Severe is SBP>160, DBP >110

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7
Q

T18 quad screen

A

low / low / low / normal = T18

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8
Q

Teratogenic effects of isotretinoin

A

TGA, triangular face, microtia, hypertelorism, epicentral folds, small arms, HC > 95%

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9
Q

Intrauterine hypoxia favors which organs

A

heart, brain, adrenals

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10
Q

Blood returning from placenta to fetus has PaO2 of

A

20-30

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11
Q

Most oxygenated blood in fetus travels from placenta via UV into IVC and _____ of blood travels through PFO to LA to LV and then to aorta
_____ of descending aorta blood flow goes to placenta by way of UA

A

1/3; 45%

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12
Q

Cyanosis, single heart sound, L superior axis on ECG

A

Tricuspid atresia

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13
Q

Hunter syndrome inheritance

A

x-linked; Hurler, Sanfillipo, Morquio, Sly are AR

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14
Q

Crouzon syndrome

A

proptosis, maxillary hypoplasia, craniosynostosis

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15
Q

Cat-eye syndrome

A

anal atresia, coloboma of iris, extra part of chromosome 22, TAPVR

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16
Q

Meckel Gruber syndrome

A

Polydactyly, cystic dysplastic kidneys, encephalocele

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17
Q

What are essential AA

A

Methionine, valine, leucine, threonine

Arginine is essential in preterm

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18
Q

highest fatty acid concentration in mature BM (which one)

A

oleic acid

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19
Q

Human colostrum compared to mature BM

A

more protein

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20
Q

in CAH, aldosterone is

A

low

21
Q

Na deficit equation

A

[na desired - na current][0.6][weight]

22
Q

Profound metabolic acidosis, slightly elevated ammonia

A

organic acidemia

23
Q

Severely elevated ammonia, respiratory alkalosis

A

urea cycle

24
Q

Zelwegger syndrome

A

cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome. AR. Absence of hepatic and renal peroxisomes. pex gene
Hypomyelination, high forehead, hypo plastic supraorbital ridges, HM, chondrodysplasia punctata, eye, renal cysts
Dx: Increased very long chain fatty acids

25
Q

Chronic granulomatous disease and dx test

A

Chronic granulomatous dz = recurrent infections with catalase + bacteria or fungi
Nitroblue tetrazolium test or dihydrorhodamine 123 test

26
Q

SCID presentation

A

diarrhea, FTT, scaly eruption combined with EOSINOPHILIA

27
Q

Tx for infants born to mothers with gonorrhea

A

single IV CTX

28
Q

Lactase reaches adult levels by

A

36 weeks

29
Q

Intermediate phase of acute bilirubin encephalopathy

A

exchange transfusion

30
Q

exchange transfusion removes _____% of neonate’s RBCs

A

85%

31
Q

What causes purpura fulminans

A

absence of protein C or S

32
Q

Hemorrhagic dz of newborn vs hemophilia coags

A

Hemorrhagic: ISOLATED PT, normal PTT and platelets
Hemophilia = isolated prolongation of PTT, normal everything else

33
Q

Methemoglobinemia cause and tx

A

cytochrome b5 reductase
If level > 40%, tx with methylene blue

34
Q

Staph scalded skin syndrome has gram stain of ____ from bullae

A

sterile culture

35
Q

Pyloric atresia + multiple blisters

A

epidermolysis bulls (Herlitz and Carmi syndrome)

36
Q

Do we fix dolicocephaly? (Premature closure of sagittal suture)

A

yes, for cosmetics. no intracranial or neurologic problems

37
Q

After MMC repair most kids can

A

ambulate with or without short braces

38
Q

Selective neuronal necrosis

A

most common pattern of cerebral injury after HIE —> mental deficiency, seizures, ataxia, feeding difficulties, pyramidal cerebral palsy

39
Q

Extrapyramidal or athetoid/dyskinetic cerebral palsy

A

mixed tone in same muscle with gross and fine motor skills affected. Hearing and speech problems exist

Other types:
Spastic (hemiegia, diplegia, quadriplegia)
Ataxic - affects balance and depth perception
Mixed

40
Q

McCune Albright Syndrome

A

multiple areas of fibrous dysplasia of long bones but also ribs and spine. Irregular brown pigmentation on sacrum buttocks, upper spine. Can also have hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, pituitary adenomas

41
Q

Biphasic stridor is result of

A

laryngeal obstruction (laryngomalacia)

42
Q

Fetal mortality rate is

A

Fetal deaths > 28 weeks divided by number of live births and fetal deaths >28 weeks x 1000

43
Q

Ordinal / ranked, categorical/nominal, discrete

A

Sarnat = ordinal / ranked(beginner, medium, expert). There are ranks.
Categorical / Nominal= like ordinal, but no ranks. (College majors)
Discrete = data can take certain values usually whole numbers. (Number of students in class)

44
Q

Weakness of case control is

A

recall bias

45
Q

What hormone from placenta initiates genital differentiation

A

HcG
12 weeks, fetus produces GnRH; and LH and FSH stimulates fetal gonads to continue with genital development
Hypothalamus provides GnRH

46
Q

Crossed adductor sign present until ____
Moro/palmar/galant disappear by ____

A

7-8 months
6 months

47
Q

pupillary light response is variably present by ____ weeks, definitely present by ____ weeks

A

30, 34

48
Q

Most common cystic renal dz in newborn period

A

multi-cystic dysplastic kidneys

Nicu Brodsky+Pediatrix+NeoReview Questions (14 decks)

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