Pediatric Board Flashcards
Preterm weeks
<37 weeks
Newborn age
Birth to 28d
Infant age range
2-12 months
Toddler age range
15 months - 2 years
Preschool age range
3-5 years
Preschool age range
3-5 years
School age range
6-10 years
Adolescent age range
11-21 years
Newborn Exam
Gross &Fine Motor
Gross motor: lifts head, equal movements in all extremities
Fine motor: none
Newborn Personal Social
Regards another’s face
Tracks human eyes/bright shiny objects
Newborn Language: Cry Sounds
Cry: communication tool for hunger, pain, attention, cold
High-pitched cry: neurologic disorder
Moro Reflex
description & time
Startled Reflex: hyperextension of the head, abduction of the arms and legs in response to suddent sound.
Newborn until 2 months
Stepping Reflex
Dancing or walking: appears to take steps when held upright with feet touching solid surface.
Newborn until 2 months
Palmar Reflex: hand and toes
Grasp Reflex: closes hand when grasped
Hands: 5-6 months
Toes: 9-12 months (Plantar grasp)
Rooting Reflex
Stroke corner of the baby’s mouth. The head will turn, and start rooting
Newborn to 4 months
Suck Reflex
Touch roof of the baby’s mouth. Not fully developed until 36 weeks.
Newborn to 4 months
Galant Reflex
Trunk incurvation: vertal suspension, then stroke the skin on one side of the back
Tonic Neck
Fencing Reflex: Infant’s head turned to a particular side, the leg and arm on that side will extend, while the leg and arm on the opposite side will flex
Newborn to 4 months
Babinski Reflex
Planter: Stroke bottom of foot from heal upward.
Positive: Big toe will dorsiflex and other toes fan or spread out
Newborn to 1 year
Absence requires neurological evaluation; should disappear after 1 year of age. Response depends on infant’s general muscle tone, maturity, and condition
Anterior Fontanel
-ages
Anterior Fontanel
-Always open at birth 2-3cm (thumbnail size)
-Closes: Usually 6-19 months
Birth Ratio
Head to Chest
Head 1-2cm larger than chest (Equalize around 6-24 months)
Plot Head circumference until age 3
Measure largest area above ears
Posterior Fonantel
-Age
Often not palpable at birth. Closes by 2 months; slight depression is normal
Caput Succedaneum
Edema over the presenting part of the head. Resolves in a few days. Completely benign
Cephalohematoma
A collection of blood between a baby’s scalp and the skull. Will takes weeks to resolve
