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Pediatrics > Pediatric Board > Flashcards

Pediatric Board Flashcards

1
Q

Preterm weeks

A

<37 weeks

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2
Q

Newborn age

A

Birth to 28d

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3
Q

Infant age range

A

2-12 months

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4
Q

Toddler age range

A

15 months - 2 years

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5
Q

Preschool age range

A

3-5 years

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6
Q

Preschool age range

A

3-5 years

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7
Q

School age range

A

6-10 years

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8
Q

Adolescent age range

A

11-21 years

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9
Q

Newborn Exam
Gross &Fine Motor

A

Gross motor: lifts head, equal movements in all extremities

Fine motor: none

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10
Q

Newborn Personal Social

A

Regards another’s face
Tracks human eyes/bright shiny objects

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11
Q

Newborn Language: Cry Sounds

A

Cry: communication tool for hunger, pain, attention, cold
High-pitched cry: neurologic disorder

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12
Q

Moro Reflex
description & time

A

Startled Reflex: hyperextension of the head, abduction of the arms and legs in response to suddent sound.

Newborn until 2 months

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13
Q

Stepping Reflex

A

Dancing or walking: appears to take steps when held upright with feet touching solid surface.

Newborn until 2 months

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14
Q

Palmar Reflex: hand and toes

A

Grasp Reflex: closes hand when grasped
Hands: 5-6 months
Toes: 9-12 months (Plantar grasp)

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15
Q

Rooting Reflex

A

Stroke corner of the baby’s mouth. The head will turn, and start rooting

Newborn to 4 months

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16
Q

Suck Reflex

A

Touch roof of the baby’s mouth. Not fully developed until 36 weeks.

Newborn to 4 months

17
Q

Galant Reflex

A

Trunk incurvation: vertal suspension, then stroke the skin on one side of the back

18
Q

Tonic Neck

A

Fencing Reflex: Infant’s head turned to a particular side, the leg and arm on that side will extend, while the leg and arm on the opposite side will flex

Newborn to 4 months

19
Q

Babinski Reflex

A

Planter: Stroke bottom of foot from heal upward.
Positive: Big toe will dorsiflex and other toes fan or spread out

Newborn to 1 year

Absence requires neurological evaluation; should disappear after 1 year of age. Response depends on infant’s general muscle tone, maturity, and condition

20
Q

Anterior Fontanel
-ages

A

Anterior Fontanel
-Always open at birth 2-3cm (thumbnail size)
-Closes: Usually 6-19 months

21
Q

Birth Ratio
Head to Chest

A

Head 1-2cm larger than chest (Equalize around 6-24 months)

Plot Head circumference until age 3
Measure largest area above ears

22
Q

Posterior Fonantel
-Age

A

Often not palpable at birth. Closes by 2 months; slight depression is normal

23
Q

Caput Succedaneum

A

Edema over the presenting part of the head. Resolves in a few days. Completely benign

24
Q

Cephalohematoma

A

A collection of blood between a baby’s scalp and the skull. Will takes weeks to resolve

25
Q

Newborn vision

A

Redreflex: cataracts, retinoblastoma
Vision 20/200 to 20/400

26
Q

Ocular Discharge
vs Conjunctivitis

A

discharge: gonococcus, chlamydia, or herpes
Conjuctivitis: erythromycin ointment 0.5% used to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum (prophy gonorrhea)

27
Q

Ears abnormalities:

A

Low-set: think renal agenesis
Chromosomol
Use startle to assess hearing

28
Q

Weight at 6 months, 1 year

A

Weight doubles at six months, triples at 1 year

29
Q

2-12 month: Growth/month
Weight gain/month

A

Growth 1in/month
Wt Gain 1 oz/day

30
Q

2-12 month: Head circumference increase by x/month

A

Head circumferences increase 0.5 inches per month

31
Q

2 month: Gross/fine motor

A

-Graps rattle if placed in hand
-Able to lift head 45 degress and has some control when torso held upright

32
Q

2 month: Personal Social

A

-Infant should focus on face and smile
-Smiles responsively, coos

33
Q

2 month language

A

-Vocalizes sounds that reflect happiness or being upset
-Makes short cooing sounds

34
Q

2 month: visual behavior

A

-Intense eye contact
-Vertical and circular tracking
-Interest in mobiles
-Disconjugate gaze
-Red reflex present bilaterally (appears at birth)

35
Q

4 months: Gross/Fine

A

-Head up to 90 degrees
-No head lag when pulled upright
-Sits with head control
-Follows with eyes past midline
-Grasps rattle
-Opens hands to grasp objects
-Places hands together

Pediatrics (1 decks)

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