Pediatric Anesthesia Flashcards
Neonates and infants have ___ alveoli compared to adults, leading to ____ lung compliance.
Fewer, smaller; reduced
Neonates and infants have a cartilaginous rib cage that makes their CW ___ compliant
More
During inspiration: ____
During expiration: _____
CW collapse; low residual lung volumes
Infants and neonates have ___ FRC
Low
Low FRC predisposes to..
Low oxygen reserves during apnea, atelectasis, hypoxemia
Neonates and infants are obligate nasal breathers until ___ years of age
5
The ____ is the narrowest part of the aiway in children
Cricoid cartilage
Why is CO so sensitive to HR in infants?
SV fixed 2/2 noncompliant, immature LV
What promotes greater heat loss in infants? (3)
1) Thin skin
2) Low fat content
3) Greater SA relative to weight
What further predisposes to heat loss in infants? (5)
1) Cold OR
2) Wound exposure
3) IVF
4) Dry anesthetic gases
5) Direct effect of anesthesia
What does hypothermia predispose to? (5)
1) Delayed awakening
2) Cardiac irritability
3) Resp depression
4) Increased PVR
5) Altered drug metabolism
Infants have a ___ alveolar ventilation:FRC ratio compared to adults.
Greater
What is the consequence of greater alv vent:FRC ratio?
Rapid increase in alveolar anesthetic concentration –> faster induction
MAC is ___ in infants compared to adults and neonates
Greater
Which agent has the same MAC in both infants and neonates?
Sevoflurane
