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Disciplines II > Pediatric > Flashcards

Pediatric Flashcards

1
Q

Time frame for infancy?

A

1st year of life

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2
Q

When is the neonatal period?

A

Day 1-28

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3
Q

When is the postneonatal period?

A

Day 29-1 year

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4
Q

What are some tips for new born exam?

A

Swaddle newborn
Dim lights to see the eyes
Observe feeding (nursing) if possible

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5
Q

What is the key assessment of the newborn immediately after birth?

A

Apgar Score

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6
Q

When is Apgar scored? Score ranges? And when would you continue scoring?

A

Scored at 1 and 5 minutes after birth
Scores range from 0-10
Scoring may continue at min intervals until the score is >7

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7
Q

What are the AAP recommended well visit schedules?

A

Birth, 1 mo, 2 mo, 4 mo, 6 mo, 9 mo, 12 mo, 15 mo, 18 mo, 2 yr. Then annually through adolescence

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8
Q

Describe Vernix Caseosa?

A

Cheesy white covering
Decreases as term approaches
Made from fetal corneocytes/sebaceous gland
Rich Lipid Matrix

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9
Q

What is the purpose of sutures? Names of the sutures?

A 
Separates the bones of the skull from on another 
Sagittal 
Coronal 
Lamboid
Frontal
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10
Q

What is a widely split suture a sign of?

A

Elevated ICP (meningitis or hydrocephalus)

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11
Q

A raised, bony ridge at the suture line suggests what?

A

Craniosynostosis

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12
Q

Sunken fontanelles suggest what?

A

Dehydration

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13
Q

What are fontanelles?

A

Areas where the major sutures intersect

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14
Q

What do bulging fontanelles indicate?

A

Increased ICP (bleed vs. meningitis)

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15
Q

What is ankyloglossia? How do you treat it?

A

Congenital short lingual frenulum (tongue tie)

Frenulectomy in neonatal period

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16
Q

What are some problems associated with ankyloglossia?

A

Can limit movement of tongue
Can cause pain w/ nursing
May lead to speech difficulty or dental problems
Usually see puckering of the midline tongue tip with movement

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17
Q

What is Pectus Excavatum?

A

Sternal depression “funnel chest”

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18
Q

What is Pectus Carinatum?

A

“Chicken breast deformity” or “Pigeon chest”

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19
Q

How many umbilical arteries and veins are there?

A

2 umbilical arteries

1 umbilical vein

20
Q

What is an umbilical granuloma? Where does it develop? What can be seen with this?

A

Pink granulation tissue formed during the healing process
Develops at the base of the navel
Malodorous discharge

21
Q

What can be present in in female GU due to mom’s estrogen?

A

Milky white discharge and may be blood tinged (this is normal and okay)

22
Q

What is the most common cause of childhood blindness?

A

Amblyopia

23
Q

When do you check for hemoglobin and why?

A

9 months or 12 months (textbook is 12)

Screen for iron deficiency

24
Q

What is the screening for Autism called? And when is it screened?

A

MCHAT

18 mo and 24 mo well visit

25
Q

How many vaccines at given with HIB and when would you give it?

A

4 total vaccines

2 mo, 4 mo, 6 mo and 12 mo or 15 mo

26
Q

Head circumference is tracked until when? Why is it important?

A

2-3 y/o

Used to assess for brain growth

27
Q

What do pediatric growth curves measure?

A

Height, weight, head circumference, and BMI to population

28
Q

Classification of Gestation age for:
Preterm
Term
Postterm

A

Preterm: <37 weeks
Term: 37-42 weeks
Postterm: > 42 weeks

29
Q

What is a newborn screen? When is it done?

A

Used to test for metabolic and genetic diseases

Collected by heel stick before discharge, then agin at 7-14 days of life (varies state to state)

30
Q

Is cyanosis in a baby normal?

A

May be normal at birth, fingertips can by cyanotic for 1-2 days. Should pink soon thereafter

31
Q

What is Milia? Where is it found? When does it appear?

A

Pinpoint white papules w/o surrounding erythema

Common on nose, chin, foreheads and cheeks

Usually appears w/in 1st few weeks and disappears over several weeks

32
Q

What are Mongolian Spots? What is another name for them?

A

Blue patches of pigmentation

Congenital Dermal Melanocytes

33
Q

Where are Mongolian spots commonly found? Common in which race(s)

A

Common in lumbar area, buttocks, extremities

Asian, Native Americans, Hispanics, East Indian and African descent

34
Q

What is Erythema Toxicum? When does it appear and how long does it last? Where is it mostly seen?

A

Yellow eosinophilic papules on a red base

May appear on 2nd-4th day of life and typically disappears w/in 1 week of life

Mostly seen on trunk

35
Q

Large fontanelles can be the 1st sign of what?

A

Hypothryoidism

36
Q

When does the anterior and posterior fontanelle close?

A

Anterior fontanelle: ~ 9-18 months

Posterior: ~1-2 months

37
Q

What is a cephalohematoma? Does it cross suture lines? When does it resolve?

A

Swelling/collection of blood over 1 or both parietal bones
Does NOT cross suture lines
Resolves in weeks to months

38
Q

What is caput succedaneum? Does it cross suture lines? When does it resolve?

A

Edema of the scalp
Can cross suture lines
Resolves in days

39
Q

What are Epstein’s pearls? Where is it typically seen? When is it usually seen?

A

Small, white, benign inclusion cysts
Typically seen on palate
Usually seen between 2-4 months of

40
Q

Bohn nodules are seen where?

A

Gingival ridge

41
Q

Congenital torticolis “wey neck” results from what? When does it appear?

A

Bleeding into the SCM during the stretching process of birth

Appears as firm fibrous mass w/in 2-3 weeks after birth

42
Q

Diminished femoral pulses can indicate what?

A

Coarctation of the aorta

43
Q

What is hypospadias?

A

Abnormal ventral placement (need to check for this before circumcision)

44
Q

What is epispadias?

A

Abnormal dorsal placement (uncommon)

45
Q

What is a simian crease associated with?

A

Associated with Trisomy 21, but can be normal variant

46
Q

Palmar grasp reflex should occur when?

A

Birth to 3-4 months

47
Q

Plantar grasp reflex should occur when?

A

Birth to 6-8 months

Disciplines II (2 decks)

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