Pediatric Flashcards
Funding for a significant amount of prehospital pediatric education comes largely from a program known as:
Question 1 options:
A)
Pediatric Emergency Care Program.
B)
Emergency Medical Services for Children.
C)
Emergency Medical Pediatric Association.
D)
Pediatric Advanced Medical Care.
emergency medical services for children
Which of the following statements regarding prehospital care of pediatric patients is TRUE?
Question 2 options:
A)
Most pediatric patients seen by EMS personnel are from low-income families.
B)
Up to 85 percent of children treated by EMS need nothing more than basic life support skills.
C)
More than 50 percent of pediatric patients require advanced life support.
D)
The majority of pediatric calls are for allergic reactions.
up to 85 percent of children treated by EMS need nothing more than basic life support skills
Your patient is a 16-year-old female cheerleader who fell while attempting a pyramid formation and struck her forehead on the back of another girl’s head. She has a 2-cm laceration just above her right eyebrow. She is tearful and asks you if you think she is going to have a scar. Which of the following is the best response?
Question 3 options:
A)
“A doctor can provide a prognosis when the cut has healed.”
B)
“I really can’t say. You should probably see a plastic surgeon.”
C)
“It’s a small cut. The emergency department will do everything they can to minimize scarring.”
D)
“It’s likely, but it’s not something to get upset about.”
its a small cut the emergency department will do everything they can to minimize scaring
Your patient is an eight-year-old girl. As you approach her, you note that she is holding her right arm against her body, cradling it with the left arm. To find out what happened, which of the following is the best approach?
Question 4 options:
A)
Take the parents aside and ask them what happened.
B)
Sit next to the patient and ask her what happened.
C)
Ask the parents to tell you what happened while you examine the child.
D)
Ask the parents to leave the room so you can talk to the patient.
sit next to the patient and ask her what happened
Your patient is a five-year-old boy who appears to be dehydrated after having the flu. Which of the following is the best way to communicate with the patient regarding the need for obtaining IV access?
Question 5 options:
A)
Just before placing the IV, tell him you must put a needle in his arm. Tell him it will hurt, but only for a second.
B)
Tell him you need to give him fluids to help him feel better and that it might hurt a little when you start the IV.
C)
Tell him you are going to “start an IV in his arm” but that it won’t hurt a big boy like him.
D)
Have a parent distract him while you place the IV.
tell him you need to give him fluids to help him feel better and that is might hurt a little when you start the IV
At which of the following ages does the risk of foreign body airway obstruction become a significant concern in the normally developing infant?
Question 6 options:
A)
18 months
B)
1 month
C)
3 months
D)
6 months
6 months
You are in the home of a 28-month-old boy whose mother called EMS because he fell while running and struck his forehead on the corner of a table. The patient has a hematoma on his forehead but seems to have forgotten about the injury and is entertaining himself with some building blocks. Which of the following is the best way to begin assessing the child?
Question 7 options:
A)
Ask his mother to pick him up and hold him on her lap.
B)
To avoid upsetting him, observe him from a distance and make no physical contact with him.
C)
Sit next to him and ask if you can play with some of his toys.
D)
Make him feel comfortable by calling him by a nickname.
ask his mother to pick him up and hold him on her lap
You are in the home of a 17-year-old female patient who is complaining of abdominal pain. Her mother and father are hovering near her and answering most of the questions you ask her. You sense that the patient is uncomfortable answering questions in front of her parents. Which of the following is the best way to handle this situation?
Question 8 options:
A)
Tell the patient you know she might be embarrassed but that it is imperative that she give you the whole story so you know what to do for her.
B)
Tell the parents the daughter probably doesn’t want to talk about her problems in front of them.
C)
Ask the parents to go to the kitchen with your partner so he can get some information for your paperwork.
D)
Defer the history to the triage nurse at the emergency department so as not to cause undue discomfort to the patient.
ask the parents to go to the kitchen with your partner so he can get some information for your paperwork
Your patient is a conscious eight-month-old infant who has a severe airway obstruction as a result of choking on a slice of canned peach. Which of the following is your FIRST intervention?
Question 9 options:
A)
The use of a manually triggered, flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device
B)
An alternating series of back blows and chest thrusts
C)
Abdominal thrusts interspersed with attempts to ventilate
D)
A portable suction device, using a rigid tonsil tip and no more than 100 mmHg of vacuum
an alternating series of back blows and chest thrusts
Your patient is a 9-month-old boy who was a restrained passenger in a motor vehicle collision. Prior to your arrival, his mother took him out of the seat and is now holding him. Which of the following is the best way to transport this patient?
Question 10 options:
A)
Place him back in the car seat and transport with the car seat on the gurney.
B)
Place the child on a long backboard with a folded towel under his shoulders, then place the backboard on the gurney.
C)
Secure the child to your gurney as you would an adult.
D)
Allow the mother to hold the child during transport.
place him back in the car seat and transport with the car seat on the gurney
Your patient is a 13 year-old male drowning victim. He was initially in cardiac arrest with a pulseless, wide-complex bradycardia. He is intubated and being ventilated with supplemental oxygen. After CPR and intubation, the patient is now in ventricular tachycardia with a weak radial pulse. Which of the following would be an appropriate treatment for this patient?
Question 11 options:
A)
Procainamide, 20 mg per minute, up to 800 mg
B)
Synchronized cardioversion starting at 0.5-1.0 joules/kg
C)
Lidocaine, 3 mg/kg IV bolus, followed by a 3 mg/minute drip
D)
Amiodarone, 5 mg/kg IV push
synchronized cardioversion starting at 0.5-1.0 joules/kg
Which of the following is NOT an acceptable estimate of the correct size of endotracheal tube for a pediatric patient?
Question 12 options:
A)
The diameter of the little finger
B)
The patient’s age in years plus 16, divided by 4
C)
Twice the width of the naris
D)
A length-based resuscitation tape
twice the width of the naris
Your patient is a seven-month-old boy whose mother called because he suddenly became lethargic and pale. Your assessment reveals that he is in a supraventricular tachycardia at a rate of 244 per minute. The patient’s extremities are mottled and his capillary refill time is 4 seconds. Which of the following is the best treatment plan for this patient?
Question 13 options:
A)
Adenosine, 0.1 mg/kg rapid IV push, repeated at 0.2 mg/kg if unsuccessful
B)
Verapamil, 0.3 mg/kg over 3 to 5 minutes
C)
Synchronized cardioversion beginning at 0.5-1.0 joules/kg
D)
Diltiazem, 0.25 mg/kg over 2 minutes
synchronized cardioversion beginning at 0.5-1.0 joules/kg
Your patient is a four-year-old boy with a history of asthma. He ran out of his inhaled bronchodilator while visiting his grandparents’ farm. The patient has pale, cool, moist skin with cyanosis of his nail beds. He has audible wheezing with a respiratory rate of 18, accessory muscle use, and a heart rate of 130. He appears fatigued, he is unable to speak more than one or two words at a time, and his head bobs with each breath. Which of the following best describes this patient’s respiratory status?
Question 14 options:
A)
Because of decreased respiratory, cardiovascular, and stored energy reserves, the child’s muscles have fatigued and he is now in respiratory failure.
B)
The child is in the early stages of his asthma attack, and is showing signs of respiratory distress.
C)
The child’s asthma was exacerbated by exercise and he is therefore tired. Rest will ease his respiratory distress.
D)
The patient is having some respiratory difficulty; however, a nebulizer treatment will likely correct all issues.
because of decreased respiratory cardiovascular and stores energy reserves the child’s muscles have fatigued and he is now in respiratory failure
As the pediatric patient progresses from respiratory distress to respiratory failure, which of the following occurs?
Question 15 options:
A)
Peripheral cyanosis
B)
Hyperactivity
C)
Increased arterial carbon dioxide tension
D)
Muscular rigidity
increased arterial carbon dioxide tension
Which of the following is NOT a sign of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient?
Question 16 options:
A)
Grunting
B)
Tachycardia
C)
Tachypnea
D)
Central cyanosis
central cyanosis
Which of the following affects the lower airway?
Question 17 options:
A)
Pharyngitis
B)
Croup
C)
Pneumonia
D)
Epiglottitis
pneumonia
Your patient is a toddler who was burned when he accidentally pulled the cord of a deep fryer sitting on a countertop and spilled hot oil on his head and back. He has burns to the back half of his head, as well as his entire back. What percentage of total body surface area does this account for?
Question 18 options:
A)
40 percent
B)
36 percent
C)
18 percent
D)
27 percent
27 percent
