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Pedi > Pedi Exam 1 > Flashcards

Pedi Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is dictorial parenting style?

A

Parents try to control behavior and attitudes through unquestioned rules and expectations

  • Child is never allowed to watch TV
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2
Q

What is permissive parenting style?

A

Parents exert little or no control over the child’s behaviors, and consult the child when making decisions

  • Child assists with deciding if they will watch tv
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3
Q

What is democratic parenting style?

A

Direct child’s behavior by setting rules and explaining them

  • Child can watch TV for one hour after finishing HW
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4
Q

What is Passive parenting style?

A

Parents are uninvolved, indifferent, and emotionally removed

  • Child can watch hTV whenever
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5
Q

Sucking and rooting reflex: What is it and what age does it disappear?

A

Infant turns head towards the side being touched and starts to suck

Birth - 4 months

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6
Q

Palmar grasp reflex: What is it and what age does it disappear?

A

Object placed in infant’s palm, and they grasp the object

Birth - 4 months

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7
Q

Plantar grasp reflex: What is it and what age does it disappear?

A

Touch the sole of an infant’s foot and they curl downward

Birth - 8 months

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8
Q

Moro reflex: What is it and what age does it disappear?

A

Allowing head and trunk of infant in semi-sitting position to fall backward. Arms and legs extend

Birth - 4 months

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9
Q

Tonic neck reflex: What is it and what age does it disappear?

A

Turning infant’s head to one side. Infant extends the arm and leg on one side and flexes on the opposite side

Birth - 3 or 4 months

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10
Q

Babinski reflex: What is it and what age does it disappear?

A

Stroke outer edge of sole and up to toes, should fan upward and out

Birth - 1 year

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11
Q

Stepping reflex: What is it and what age does it disappear?

A

Holding an infant upright with his feet touching on a flat surface and they step

Birth - 4 weeks

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12
Q

Nutrition for 2 days old to one year

A
  • Breastfeeding complete diet during first 6 months
  • Provide infant with vitamin D to prevent rickets
  • Iron supplements for infants being breastfed over 4 months old
  • Do not give alternative sources of fluid
  • 6 months: 4-6 oz of juice, fruits, and veggies
  • Increased solids and decrease breast milk, completely stopping at 1 year
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13
Q

When does posterior fontanel close?

A

2-3 months

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14
Q

When does the anterior fontanel close?

A

12-18 months

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15
Q

How much weight is gained during first 5 months?

A

1.5 pounds per month

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16
Q

Birth weight ____ by 6 months and _____ by 12 months

A

double, tripled

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17
Q

babies grow __________ inches per month in the first 6 months

A

1 inch (2.5cm)

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18
Q

Birth length increased ____% by 12 months

A

50%

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19
Q

Head circumference increases ___ inches per month during first 3 months

A

0.75 in (2 cm)

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20
Q

Head circumference increases ___ in per month from 4-6 months

A

0.4 inches (1 cm)

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21
Q

Head circumference increases ____ in per month during second 6 months

A

0.2 inches (0.5 cm)

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22
Q

Immunizations at birth?

A

Hep B

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23
Q

immunizations 2 month old?

A

HIB

IPV

RV

DTaP

PCV

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24
Q

Immunizations at 4 months?

A

HIB

IPV

RV

DTaP

PCV

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25
Q

Immunizations at 6 months?

A

Hib

RV

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26
Q

Immunizations between 6 and 18 months old?

A

DTaP

IPV

PVC

Hep B

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27
Q

Immunizations at 1 year

A

flu

28
Q

Immunizations at 1 year

A

flu

29
Q

When do babies get their first teeth?

A

6 to 10 months

30
Q

How many teeth will a 1 year old have?

A

6 to 8

31
Q

Piaget (Cognitive Development)

A

Object permanence

Domestic Mimicry

Demonstrate memories of events but fail to recognize others viewpoint

32
Q

Erikson (Psychosocial Development)

A

Autonomy versus shame and doubt

Independence occurs and is often accompanied by negativity

Ritualism is important

33
Q

Car seat recommendations

A

The safest place for a child is in the back seat

remain in backward facing car seat until 2 yo. or height requirement reached

toddlers over 2 who have exceeded height requirement may have car seat forward facing

34
Q

Body image of preschoolers

A

begin to recognize change in their appearance

at 5 yo. they begin comparing themselves to one another

poor understanding of anatomy

35
Q

Activities for a preschooler

A

play is not organized but cooperation does exist

playing ball, putting puzzles together, riding tricycles, playing pretend/dress up, reading books, electronic games

36
Q

body image of school aged child

A

solidification of body image occurs

sexual curiosity develops

privacy is emphasized

37
Q

Physical development in girls

A

females stop growing 2 to 2.5 years after menarche

gain 15-55lbs

sexual maturation order: breast development, pubic hair growth, axillary hair growth, menstruation

38
Q

Physical development in boys

A

males stop growing around the age of 18 to 20

gain 15 to 66lbs

sexual maturation order: testicular enlargement, pubic hair growth, axillary hair growth, facial hair growth, vocal changes

39
Q

types of dehydration

A

iso: cell looses water and solute at equal amounts

hypo: cell looses more solute than water

hyper: cell looses more water than solute

40
Q

complications of dehydration

A

mild: 3-5% loss in infants, 3-4% loss in children
- behavior, mucous membranes, anterior fontanel, pulse and BP are all normal
- cap refill is greater than 2 seconds
- slight thirst may be present

moderate: 6-9% loss in infants, 6-8% loss in children
-cap refill is between 2 and 4 seconds
-HR/RR is slightly increased with normal orthostatic BP, dry mucous membranes, anterior fontanel may be sunken

severe: greater than 10% in infants, 10% in children
-cap refill is greater than 4 seconds
-tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, extreme thirst, dry mucous membranes, sunken eye balls, oliguria/anuria

41
Q

Rota virus manifestations

A

fever
watery stool
diarrhea for 5 to 7 days
vomiting for 2 days

42
Q

Oral rehydration beginning solution

A

75 to 90mEq of sodium/L at 40 to 50 mL/kg over 4 hours

43
Q

Oral rehydration maintenance solution

A

40 to 60mEq of sodium/L and limit to 150mL/kg/day

44
Q

Oral hydration for ongoing diarrhea

A

each bout should be replaced with 10mL/kg

45
Q

Lab tests for acute infectious GI disorders

A

CBC with diff

Hct/Hgb

BUN/Crt

urine specific gravity

stool occult

urinalysis

46
Q

Nursing care for diarrhea

A

Obtain baseline height and weight then continue to repeat at the same time each day

Rectal temperatures should be avoided

I&O’s should be monitored

IV fluids and (sometimes) antibiotics should be given

47
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum expected findings

A

rectal bleeding (usually painless)

abdominal pain

blood/mucous stool

48
Q

Pyloric Stenosis expected findings

A

Vomiting after feeding, can become projectile

Nonbilious vomit can be blood-tinged

Constant hunger

Olive-shaped mass in RUQ

Failure to gain weight

Dehydration

Peristaltic wave moving from left to right

49
Q

Post op care for pyloric stenosis

A

obtain post-op vital signs

provide IV fluids

monitor daily weights and I&O

administer analgesic for pain

assess for infection

start clear liquids 4 to 6 hours after surgery

document tolerance to feedings

50
Q

What is peritonitis?

A

inflammation of the peritoneum (membrane lining the abdominal cavity and surrounding the organs within it)

51
Q

Appendicitis post op care

A

Non ruptured:
assess respiratory status and maintain airway, provide supplemental oxygenation as prescribed, obtain vital signs, administer analgesics, assess surgical site for bleeding, assess bowel sounds and function

Ruptured:
assess respiratory status and maintain airway, provide supplemental oxygenation as prescribed, obtain vital signs, administer analgesics, assess surgical site for bleeding, assess bowel sounds and function, administer IV fluids and antibiotics, maintain NPO status, maintain NG tube to low continuous suction, provide wound irrigation, provide drain care, assess for peritonitis

52
Q

Cleft Lip post op care

A

monitor the integrity of the postop protective device to ensure proper positioning

position the infant on the back and upright or on the side during the immediate post op period to maintain the integrity of the repair

apply elbow restraints to keep the infant from injuring the repair site

use water or diluted hydrogen peroxide to clean the incision site

gently aspirate secretions

53
Q

Cleft palate post op care

A

change the infant’s position frequently to facilitate drainage and breathing

maintain IV fluids until the infant is able to eat and drink

the infants is usually NPO for 4 hr

avoid placing things in the infants mouth following repair

elbow restraints may be applied

close observation should occur

a face mask may be applied for oxygenation

54
Q

Communicable disease

A

Conjunctivitis

EBV/Mono

Fifths disease

mumps

pertussis

rubella

rubeola

varicella

55
Q

isolation precaution for conjunctivitis

A

direct contact

56
Q

isolation precaution for EBV/mono

A

saliva

57
Q

isolation precaution for fifths disease

A

droplet

blood

58
Q

isolation precaution for mumps

A

direct contant

droplet

59
Q

isolation precaution for pertussis

A

direct contact

droplet

indirect contact with a contaminated object

60
Q

isolation precaution for rubella

A

direct contact

drople

61
Q

isolation precaution for rubeola

A

direct contact

droplet (airborne)

62
Q

isolation precaution for varicella

A

direct contact

droplet (airborne)

contaminated objects

63
Q

what is ALTE

A

sudden event where the infant exhibits apnea, change in color, change in muscle tone and choking

64
Q

Poisoning

A

ingestion of or exposure to toxic substances

65
Q

Respiratory emergencies

A

Respiratory insufficiency: increased work of breathing with mostly adequate gas exchange or hypoxia with acidosis

Respiratory failure: inability to maintain adequate oxygenation of the blood

Apnea: cessation of respirations for more than 20 seconds

Respiratory arrest: complete cessation of respirations

Airway obstruction: Can be due to aspiration of a foreign body

66
Q

SIDS: sudden infant death syndrome

A

risk factors: maternal smoking during pregnancy, secondhand smoke, co-sleeping, nonstandard bed, prone or side lying sleep, low birth weight, prematurity, twin or multiple birth, low Apgar score, viral illness, family history of SIDS, poverty

expected findings: history of events prior to discovery of infant, history of illness, pregnancy and birth history, presence of risk factors

nursing care: provide support, allow the family an opportunity to express feelings, plan a home health visit, refer the family to support groups

client teaching: teach the family how to reduce the risk of SIDS

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