Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatric: HEENT, PULM, ID > Ped's New born and adolescent WCC > Flashcards

Ped's New born and adolescent WCC Flashcards

1
Q

What is apart of the APGAR scoring?

A 
Appearance
Pulse 
Grimace
Activity
Respiration's
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe scoring for appearance with APGAR

A 
0 = blue all over
1= blue exremities
2= no coloration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe scoring for Pulse with APGAR

A 
0= no pulse
1=   <100 bpm
2=   >100bpm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe scoring for Grimace with APGAR

A 
0= no response to simulated
1=  feeble cry when simulated 
2=  sneezing, coughing or pulling away when stimulated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe scoring for Activity with APGAR

A 
0= no movement 
1=   some movement
2=   active movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe scoring for Respiration’s with APGAR

A 
0= No breathing 
1=   weak to slow or irregular breathing
2=   strong cry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe a baby with good, fair and poor scoring for APGAR

A

8-10 good normal
4-7 fair possible intervention
0-3 poor- requires resuscitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

when is APGAR checked?

A

Immediately after birth and 5 minutes after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how many weeks is a term infant?
perterm?
postterm ?

A

term 37-40
premature <37 weeks
post-mature > 42 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is small gestational age
what is average gestational age
Large gestational age

A

SGA <10th %
AGA 10-90%
LGA >90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Ballard scoring for?

A

to estimate Gestational age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the thick white substance on neonate after birth

A

Vernix caseosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the “fine” hair on a baby after birth?

A

Lanugo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is it called when a baby after birth is blue on palms and soles?

A

Acrocyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are pinpoint vessels with a red base all over new born body that usually disappear in one week

A

Erythemia toxicum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a splothy pink area on the back of the neck or on the eye?

A

Salmon patch
“storke bite”
“angel kiss”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are areas of darken skin found on a new born commonly found on buttocks

A

Mongolian spots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are pin point size smooth white spots with no erythema that are commonly found on the face and will eventually disappear

A

” baby ache” millia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

when should the posterior fontanel close?

A

2 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

when should the anterior fontanel close?

A

by 2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what will follow fontanel closure? what other developmental stage?

A

Teeth

its a sign of skeletal development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is soft tissue swelling across the suture lines ?

will it resolve?

A

Caput succdaneum

will resolve in a few days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is subperiosteal hemorrhage that does not cross the suture lines ?
will it resolve?

A

Cephalohematoma
takes a few weeks for the blood to be reabsrobed
may see some jaundice will all that extra blood break down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What could be the cause of a suken fontanelle

what could cause a tense or bulging fontanelle

A

sucken: dehydration
buldging: hemotoma or fluid that increases the intracranial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is common to happen in the eyes after birth?

A

conjunctival hemorrhage and strabisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are you looking for an a eye exam ?

what are abnormals?

A
  1. red light reflex
    abnormal - cataracts, glaucoma, retinoblastoma
    refer all
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

when do you refer a patient to ophthalmologist with strabisms

A

if present at 4 months and older

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are small white cysts in a new born mouth?

A

Epistein pearls

normal and will resolve in a few weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are you inspecting for on a new born’s neck?

A
  1. torticollis (contracted SCM)
  2. palpate for masses
  3. make sure they will try and pick their head up on moms chest
  4. as they get older will lift head and turn to both sides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

When do you do tummy time with a baby?

A

as soon as possible
when new born you can take the baby to your chest and lay down flat
when they get older you can place them on their tummy with arms propped up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How long is breast feeding recommend for ?

A

6 months at the latest try for 1 year
if not try and pump
if not do formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How often should a new born be breast feeding?

how long should it take them to feed?

A

usually every 2-3 hours
should take 15-20 mins
if taking longer and baby gets tired could be underlying problem
if not gaining weight need to wake baby up to feed and supplement with formula

33
Q

How can you tell a new born is getting adequate nutrition?

A
  1. weight gain

2. wet and poopy dipers every day

34
Q

When should an infant be back to birth weight?

A

normal to loose weight in the first few days of life but should not loose more than 7% of body weight \
* back to birth weight in 7-10 days

35
Q

When should formula be started? how often? how much?

A

1 year

start with 2 ounces every 2-3 hours if infant finishes you can add more as tolerated

36
Q 
What is the normal urine pattern for a new born? how often at : 
24 hours? 
2 days?
3-4 days?
5th day ?
A

24 hours = increases
2 days = 2- 3 voids
3-4 days = 4-6 voids
5th day = 6=8 voids

37
Q

what is the normal poop pattern for a new born? how often and what does it look like?

A

2-3 days of meconium which is thick black like
3rd day should transition to yellow brown mustard seedy normal to have a little red specks in it
Normal poop: thin seedy and pooping 3 times a day

38
Q

What are some risk factors for SIDS

A 
Premature  (lungs are mature) 
low birth weight
<20 year old mom 
smoker mom 
drug use during pregnancy
low social eco status
sleeping on tummy ! 
soft bed 
sleeping with parents
sibling dying of SIDS
39
Q

How do you prevent SIDS ?

A

BACK SLEEPING
nothing in the crib but light blanket
sleeping sacks
-since the push for babies to sleep on their back SIDS has decreased significantly

40
Q

If a child has pectus excavatum what do you think of?

A

corac of the aorta

41
Q

What is important to check that could revel a coractation of the aorta

A

FEMORAL PULSES

42
Q

what is the umbilical cord comprised of?

A 
2 arteries small thicker wall 
1 large thin vein 
should fall off by 2 weeks 
once it has falled off its okay to bathe 
if may bleed a little that's normal
43
Q

What is a omphalocele

A

herniation through the umbilicus

bowel is in the umbilical cord covered by peritoneum

44
Q

what is a gastroschisis

A

defect in abdominal wall
2-3 cm lateral of umilicus
no covering over bowel*
Emergency

45
Q

What if you have a new born female with milky vaginal discarge?

A

if breast feeding thats normal from moms estrogen

46
Q

what is hypospiadia

what is important to note?

A

urethra down

cant circumsice refer for urologist

47
Q

what is epispiadia

what is important to note?

A

urthra is up

cant circumsice refer for urologist

48
Q

What do you inspect the anal area for?

A

fissures and fistulas

can be normal due to straining

49
Q

what do you inspect the extremities of a new born for?

A

deformities
symmetry
palpate spine, mass, hair tuff, scaral cleft or dimple

50
Q

what test? hip adduction and posterior pressure

A

Barlow

for hip dysplasia

51
Q

what test? hip abduction

A

Ortolani

for hip dysplasia

52
Q

What is the Babinski test

A

dorifflexion of the big toe and fanning of the

can be present up to two years

53
Q

How do you acess neuro exam in a birth from 3-4 month

A

palmar and plantar grasp

rooting - if you stroke the peioral mouth will open

54
Q

How do you acess neuro exam in a birth- 4 month old

A

Moro- reflex

should startle pull up and drops arms

55
Q

what is the moro-reflex

A

birth - 4 months should startle pull up and drops arms

56
Q

How do you acess neuro exam in a birth-2 month old

A

asymmetric tonic neck reflex
turn head and opposite arm and left reflex
trunk incurvation (galant) stroke one side and baby will turn to that side

57
Q

What would a decrease in reflexes possilby mean?

A

CNS abnormaility

PNS or motor unit problem

58
Q

What is given in the hospital to a new born to prevent hemorrhagic disease

A

prevent clotting- Vitamin K

59
Q

What is given in the hospital to all new borns

A 
vitamin K 
opthalmic antibiotic ointment for eyes
1st dose of Hep B 
New born screen - heel prick 
hearing screen
lactation consult
60
Q

What can you tell a mom to expect after newborn discharge about things to expect and f/u

A 
follow up with peds doc in one week
feeding every 2-3 hours 
urine 6-8 times a day 
stool 3-4 times a day
 repeat new born screen 
safe sleeping
water temperature
smoking 
car seat
61
Q

Surfactant is made up mostly of what ?

A

90 % lipids and mainly phosphytidycholine (lecithin)
and will increase with maturity
Shigomyelin stays constant

62
Q

At what weeks is surfactant made ?

A

32-34 weeks

34-36 weeks into alvelor lumen and amiotic fluid

63
Q

What does a decrease in surfactant lead to?

A

Atelectasis
decrease in functional residual volume
arterial hypoxemia
respiratory distess

64
Q

decrease in synthesis of surfactant leads to?

A

hypovolemia
hypothermia
acidosis
hypoxemia

65
Q

What laboratory tests can you use to evaluate lung maturity?

A

Lecithin/shingomylin ratio
2:1 = mature
the lecithin should be rising as lung mature
the shinomylin stays the same

66
Q

CXR showing ground glass haze, air broncograms or white out

should make you think what diagnosis?

A

respiratory distress syndrome RDS

hyaline membrane disease

67
Q

what are ways to prevent respiratory distress syndrome

A
  1. cerclage - stitch in the cervic
  2. bed rest
  3. tocolytics- stop contractions
    if you cant prevent give bethmethasone to mom
68
Q

Treatment for respiratory distress syndrome

A 
OXYGEN! 
intubation 
ventilation
fluid &amp; nutrition 
exogenous surfactant
69
Q

What are complications of respiratory distress syndrome

A
  1. patent ductus arterious
  2. pneumothroat from vent
  3. bronchopulmonary dysplasia - BPD
70
Q

what is bronchopulmonary dysplasia

A

chronic lung disease
36 weeks of oxygen dependance
fail to improve at 2 weeks
need for prolonged ventilation

71
Q

what are long term side effects of respiratory distress syndrome

A

reactive airways
hyperinflation
development delays
high risk for RSV - give syngirs vaccine prior to RSV season

72
Q

Why do new borns more prone to hyperbilirubinema

A

3x greater rate of bilirubin because of increased RBC’s and shorter RBC life time. Jaundice on first day of life is abnormal

73
Q

what are s/s of Jaundice

A

yellowing of skin sclera and mucous membranes

will be noticeable 5-10mg/dL in infant

74
Q

At what level is Jaudice noticeable ?

A

5-10mg/dL

75
Q

what type of jaundice is lipid soluble and toxic to the CNA

insoluablein water and limited excretion

A

unconjugated or indirect

76
Q

what type of jaundice is conjugated by the liver and is water soluble which is then exrected in the stool and urine

A

Conjugated

77
Q

is jaundice at birth normal?

A

NO

78
Q

What is usually the peak of jaundice
preterm should be less than ?
infant less than?

A

peaks at 3 days
preterm <15mg
infant <12

79
Q

what are cause of physiologic jaundice
when does it peak ?
what value should it be under?
when will it decrease

A

Breast milk
peaks in 1-2 weeks
less than 12
it should rapidly decrease if breastfeeding stops 1-2 days

Pediatric: HEENT, PULM, ID (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions