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PED 142 Final Exam > PED 142 Final Exam > Flashcards

PED 142 Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

How could a person become injured as a result of fainting?

A

Injuries may occur from falling and striking the ground or other objects.

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2
Q

Why is it important to ask a person who has an insect sting if he or she has had any prior serious reactions to insect stings?

A

If the person has had a prior serious reaction, the current sting may result in anaphylaxis; call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number.

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3
Q

You suspect a forearm injury. Which two joints would you immobilize with a splint?

A

Elbow and wrist.

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4
Q

You come upon the scene of an accident and suspect that a passenger has had a head, neck, or spinal injury. You notice that the person is face-down, lying motionless. How would you begin to care for this person?

A

Roll the person onto his or her back without twisting the spine to check for breathing.

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5
Q

When communicating with the Emergency Medical Dispatcher, what would be the most important to provide?

A

The exact address or location of the injured person.

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6
Q

How does the body initially respond to severe bleeding.

A

The body attempts to maintain an oxygen-rich blood flow to the vital organs.

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7
Q

What is the easiest way to tell if an injured or ill persona is conscious and shows signs of life?

A

Ask the person if he or she is okay.

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8
Q

When a person has an embedded object, you should control severe bleeding by doing what?

A

Bandaging dressings around the object.

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9
Q

When giving chest thrusts to a conscious infant who is choking, you would compress the chest to what depth?

A

1-1/2 inches

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10
Q

You are performing CPR on an adult when you notice that the person shows an obvious sign of life. What should you do next.

A

Check to see if the person is breathing normally and, if so, continue to monitor the person.

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11
Q

A person is developing shock resulting from an injury that has caused severe bleeding. What will occur first?

A

Increased heart rate.

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12
Q

You think that a person might be having a heart attack. What is an appropriate action to take?

A

Have the person stop what he or she is doing and rest comfortably.

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13
Q

CPR compressions on an infant are performed using:

A

The pads of two fingers.

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14
Q

What is the best way to remove an embedded tick from the skin?

A

Pull slowly, steadily and firmly upward with fine-tipped pointed, non-etched, non-rasped tweezers as close to the skin as possible.

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15
Q

You are passing by a warehouse when you hear a cry for help. As you approach the building, you smell a strong, unpleasant odor. Through a window, you see a person lying on the floor trying to crawl out of the building. What do you do first?

A

Check the scene to determine if it is safe to enter.

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16
Q

What would be the most appropriate for a person who can move all body parts without pain or discomfort and has no other signals of injury or illness?

A

Encourage the person to rest in a comfortable position

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17
Q

Why is it important not to move a person from the scene unless there is immediate danger?

A

Moving a person can lead to further injury and pain.

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18
Q

What would you do when splinting an injury?

A

Include the joints above and below the injury site.

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19
Q

A person who has been ill with severe vomiting and diarrhea is at risk for which type of shock?

A

Hypovolemic

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20
Q

An occlusive dressing is used for a penetrating injury that results in a sucking chest would. It is important to leave a corner of the dressing loose so that:

A

Air can escape during exhalation but not enter during inhalation.

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21
Q

Why would you apply an ice pack to the entry site of a bite or sting?

A

To reduce pain and swelling in the affected area.

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22
Q

You want to help a person who is bleeding from a cut on the forehead but you do not have any disposable gloves to wear as a protective barrier. How should you care for this person?

A

Have the injured person apply pressure with his or her hand.

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23
Q

If the body’s initial reaction to cold does not work, what occurs next?

A

Shivering.

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24
Q

To check to see if an injured or ill person is unconscious, you would:

A

Tap the person, asking “Are you okay?”

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25
Q

True or false: If there are no bystanders at a scene, you should not move an injured or ill person.

A

False

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26
Q

A person has sustained a contusion to his lower leg. What should you do?

A

Apply an ice pack to the injured area to help reduce pain and swelling.

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27
Q

For CPR to be most effective, you should position the person in which manner?

A

On his or her back on a firm, flat surface.

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28
Q

Heat cramps:

A

Involve painful spasms of skeletal muscles.

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29
Q

Where do you position the head of a conscious infant who you have determined is choking?

A

So that the infant’s head is lower than his or her chest.

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30
Q

When applying a rigid splint to an injured wrist after you have controlled any bleeding, you should follow this sequence:

A

Check the fingers for feeling, warmth, and color. Pad the splint; apply the splint; secure the splint; put the arm in a sling; secure the arm; check the fingers for feeling, warmth and color.

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31
Q

True or false: A person can develop a heat-related illness or cold-related emergency solely when extreme temperatures occur.

A

False

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32
Q

It is important to ask a bystander simple questions about what happened and the person’s condition for what reason?

A

The injured or ill person may be unable to describe these things.

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33
Q

A person faints because flood flow to the:

A

Brian is momentarily reduced

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34
Q

A condition in which too much sugar is in the bloodstream is called:

A

Hyperglycemia

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35
Q

True or false: it is important to use alcohol to wipe the person’s chest dry before applying the pads.

A

False

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36
Q

Full-thickness burns:

A

May destroy nerves and muscles.

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37
Q

While attempting to perform manual stabilization with a person who has a head, neck, or spinal injury, which action would be most appropriate?

A

Support the person’s head in the position you found it.

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38
Q

What would be the most important thing to remember when giving care for a person until EMS personnel arrive?

A

Do not further harm.

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39
Q

Respiratory distress, if not immediately cared for, can lead to:

A

Respiratory arrest.

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40
Q

Even when done properly, which emergency move is exhausting and may cause back strain for the responder?

A

Clothes drag

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41
Q

Proper care for a closed wound may include applying which of the following?

A

An ice pack for 20 minutes

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42
Q

A person has sustained a partial-thickness burn to his or her arm. What would you expect to find?

A

Blistering

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43
Q

A conscious person is choking and you are preparing to give back blows. You would give back blows between the shoulder blades with what?

A

The heel of one hand.

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44
Q

The four ways that a poison can enter a person’s body are:

A

By being inhaled through the lungs, ingested, by being absorbed through the skin or injected into the body.

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45
Q

True or false: care for a person with severe sunburn on the face includes applying antibiotic ointment.

A

False

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46
Q

You would apply ice or a cold pack to all suspected musculoskeletal injuries except when:

A

Doing so would require putting pressure on an open fracture.

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47
Q

Your neighbor has been working outside all day on a project in her backyard. When you go over to visit her, you find her sitting outside on a lawn chair. She seems to be disoriented and has rapid, shallow breathing. Her skin is also bright red and hot to the touch. Which of the following might you suspect?

A

Heat stroke.

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48
Q

What is a signal of shock?

A

Rapid breathing

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49
Q

A person suffering from heat stroke may not be sweating. Not sweating can result in:

A

Ineffective body cooling and a rapidly rising body temperature.

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50
Q

An open fracture occurs when:

A

Bone ends cause the skin to tear.

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51
Q

A child was playing on an outdoor gym set when the child suddenly fell off, landing hard on the ground. The child is conscious and lying on the ground but is reporting some tingling in his hands and feet. There is no obvious swelling, although the skin on one side of the child’s neck appears discolored. Which action would be most appropriate?

A

Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number.

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52
Q

What would be the most appropriate to do to control a nosebleed?

A

Pinch the nostrils while the person sits with the head slightly forward.

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53
Q

True or false: injuries to the musculoskeletal system may result in life-threatening damage to the circulatory and respiratory systems.

A

True

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54
Q

Why is it important to ask a bystander simple questions about what happened and the person’s condition?

A

The injured or ill person may be unable to describe these things.

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55
Q

What would be the most appropriate for a person who can move all body parts without pain or discomfort and has no other signals of injury or illness?

A

Encourage the person to rest in a comfortable position.

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56
Q

When splinting an injured body part, which action would be most appropriate?

A

Support the injured part in the position you found it.

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57
Q

A person with poisoning who develops hives, itching or burning skin or eyes and rapid or troubled breathing might be experiencing:

A

Anaphylactic shock

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58
Q

True or false: you should consider a person who is unconscious to have an immediate life-threatening condition

A

True

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59
Q

You have a severe cut on your knee. After a few days, you see red lines or streaks at the site of the wound. What is happening to the wound?

A

The wound has become infected.

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60
Q

True or false: Care for a conscious infant who has an airway obstruction begins with 5 back blows.

A

True

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61
Q

What would least likely be considered a barrier to act in an emergency?

A

Feeling confident in first aid training and ability.

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62
Q

When attempting to perform manual stabilization with a person who has a head, neck or spinal injury, which action would be most appropriate?

A

Support the person’s head in the position you found it.

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63
Q

You are preparing to use an AED on a person in cardiac arrest and you notice that the person has a medication patch on his chest. What should you do?

A

Remove the patch with a gloved hand.

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64
Q

What would be the most appropriate to do when giving care to a person in respiratory distress until EMS personnel arrive at the scene?

A

Assist the person in taking any prescribed medication for the condition.

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65
Q

What is the worst thing you can do in an emergency?

A

Do nothing.

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66
Q

If the person must be moved, the best way to immobilize an ankle or foot injury is with a:

A

Soft splint

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67
Q

True or false: the highest risk of disease transmission is unprotected direct or indirect contact with infected blood.

A

True

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68
Q

In anaphylactic shock, what occurs?

A

Airways constrict

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69
Q

In general, you would avoid elevating a musculoskeletal injury in which situation?

A

Suspicion of a fracture that has not been immobilized.

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70
Q

You should call 9-1-1 or local emergency number for a person in shock:

A

Whenever signals of shock are present

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71
Q

You suspect that person might have ingested a poison. You should:

A

Call the Poison Control Center, 9-1-1 or the local emergency number.

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72
Q

A person appears to be choking but can cough forcefully. Which action would be most appropriate?

A

Say with the person and encourage the person to continue coughing.

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73
Q

Circulatory structures that return blood to heart are called:

A

Veins

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74
Q

You are playing soccer when a player on the other team falls. He tries to break the fall with an outstretched arm. When he gets up, the player is holding his left arm close to his body and is complaining of shoulder pain. How would you initially respond to this suspected shoulder injury?

A

Allow the person to continue holding his arm in the most comfortable position.

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75
Q

A signal for a snakebite may include:

A

One or two distinct puncture wounds at the entry site.

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76
Q

A person with an upper arm injury can comfortably bend his elbow, what would you use to splint the area?

A

Sling and binder

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77
Q

A conscious drowning person is best described as what?

A

Someone who is vertical in the water but has no supporting kick

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78
Q

Hypothermia can occur when body temperature drops below:

A

95 degrees

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79
Q

When using the clothes drag, you support the person’s head and neck by what?

A

Using your arms and the person’s clothing.

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80
Q

Which signal would suggest a less severe reaction to a bite or sting?

A

Redness around the entry site

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81
Q

How would you remove a bee stinger embedded in a person’s skin?

A

Use the edge of a plastic card or tweezers to scrape the stinger away.

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82
Q

You find a child who shows no signs of life and no pulse. Unfortunately, you are alone. What should you do?

A

Perform 2 minutes of CPR, then call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number.

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83
Q

Which two emergency moves would be most appropriate to use for a person suspected of having a head, neck, or spinal injury?

A

Clothes drag and blanket drag

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84
Q

What is a signal of infection?

A

A red and swollen area around the wound

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85
Q

You would place the AED pads on an adult at which location?

A

The upper right chest and the left side of the chest.

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86
Q

When giving care to a person who suddenly becomes ill, which of the following would be most appropriate?

A

Keep the person from getting chilled or overheated.

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87
Q

You are preparing to control external bleeding on a person with a wound on the upper arm. What would you do first?

A

Put on disposable gloves

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88
Q

When giving rescue breaths to an unconscious person, you determine that the breaths are effective when what occurs?

A

The chest clearly rises with each breath.

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89
Q

One purpose of using a bandage is to:

A

Hold dressings in place

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90
Q

A person who has an injured femur is likely to exhibit signals of shock because:

A

A fractured femur can result in serious bleeding.

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91
Q

You must obtain the consent of an injured or ill person before you give care by:

A

Identifying yourself and your level of training, and asking if you may help.

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92
Q

True or false: the most important thing you can do in an emergency is give first aid or CPR

A

False

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93
Q

Early CPR and early defibrillation can:

A

Save the lives of more people in cardiac arrest.

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94
Q

The cycle of compressions to breaths in CPR for a child is:

A

30 compressions for every 2 breaths.

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95
Q

Frostbite refers to freezing:

A

Of body tissues

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96
Q

The care for a radiation burn such as a solar burn is similar to the care for which type of burn?

A

Heat burns

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97
Q

When caring for a person who is experiencing chest pain, which of the following would you do first?

A

Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number while comforting the person and being prepared to give CPR.

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98
Q

You are walking past a construction site on a hot day when you notice one of the workers staggering about. The man is sweating profusely and tells you that he feels weak and dizzy. Which action would be most appropriate for you to do first?

A

Move the person to a cooler environment.

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99
Q

What may indicate a serious head, neck, or spinal injury?

A

A person involved in a diving accident.

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100
Q

True or false: you should always stop CPR in progress when an AED is ready to use

A

True

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101
Q

You would expect to use a sling and a binder to immobilize an injury to which area?

A

Elbow

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102
Q

Care for children with high fevers includes what?

A

Gently cooling the child

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103
Q

What would you expect to observe in an infant who is in cardiac arrest?

A

Unconsciousness and no breathing.

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104
Q

What may be a signal of respiratory distress?

A

Tingling in the hands or lips.

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105
Q

You are caring for a person involved in an accident when that person suddenly becomes uncooperative and threatens to hurt you. What should you do?

A

Withdraw and wait for EMS personnel to arrive.

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106
Q

Chemical food poisoning most often occurs from what?

A

Drinking water from lead pipes

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107
Q

You would give care first for what situation?

A

A person who had a drowning incident.

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108
Q

A child is eating a piece of candy and appears to start choking on it. You determine that the child who is conscious is, indeed, choking. What should you do?

A

Perform cycles of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts until the candy is dislodged or the child becomes unconscious.

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109
Q

What is a signal of a serious head, neck, or spinal injury?

A

Loss of balance

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110
Q

After properly placing hands to give abdominal thrusts to a conscious adult who is choking, which action would you do next?

A

Give 5 upward thrusts into the abdomen.

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111
Q

If the body’s initial reaction to cold does not work, what occurs next?

A

Shivering

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112
Q

The top priority of a lay responder is to:

A

Get professional help to the injured or ill person as soon as possible.

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113
Q

When beginning a head-to-toe examination of a conscious adult, what would you do first?

A

Tell the person what you are going to do.

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114
Q

A person has sustained a contusion to his lower leg. What do you do?

A

Apply an ice pack to the injured area to help reduce pain and swelling.

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115
Q

You are checking a child for non-life-threatening conditions. What would be most appropriate for you to do?

A

Get at eye level with the child.

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116
Q

A friend is stung on the arm by a jellyfish. What would most appropriate to do immediately?

A

Irrigate the injured arm with large amounts of vinegar.

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117
Q

True or false: for a person with poisoning, you should always have the person attempt to vomit.

A

False

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118
Q

An unconscious child must be checked carefully for breathing by doing what?

A

Look, listen and feel for movement and breathing.

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119
Q

A person is developing shock resulting from an injury that has caused severe bleeding. What occurs first?

A

Increased heart rate

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120
Q

Unlike adults, children do not often initially suffer from cardiac emergencies. Instead children:

A

Suffer a respiratory emergency that develops into cardiac emergency

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121
Q

A burn that only involves the top layer of skin is classified as which type?

A

Superficial burn

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122
Q

You come upon a serious accident. There is quite a lot of blood on and around the injured person. What could clearly be a barrier to act in this situation?

A

Fear of disease transmission

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123
Q

The most effective action you can take to minimize disease transmission when caring for a person with external bleeding is to:

A

Wear disposable gloves while giving care

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124
Q

A splint is a device that maintains an injured part in place if the person must be moved. To be effective, what would you do when splinting an injury?

A

Include the joints above and below the injury site.

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125
Q

True or false: after completing care for a major open wound, it is not necessary to was you hands as long as you wore disposable gloves while giving care.

A

False

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126
Q

You child is playing in the park and tells you that a squirrel bit him. What care would you give your child?

A

Get the child to professional medical care as soon as possible.

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127
Q

What is the most important reason for checking the scene before approaching to help an injured or ill person?

A

You might become injured or ill yourself if the scene is unsafe.

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128
Q

A person is experiencing dehydration. The person is conscious and able to swallow. You give the person cool water to drink. What should you tell the person to do?

A

Sip the water at a slow pace

129
Q

You are waiting for EMS to arrive and are giving care to a person in shock. What would be the priority?

A

Keeping the airway open and clear

130
Q

Care for a person suffering from a heat cramp includes:

A

Giving the person cool water to drink

131
Q

You should care for substance abuse or misuse using the same general principles recommended for care for:

A

Poisoning

132
Q

Before the AED analyzes the heart rhythm, you should:

A

Ensure that no one, including you, is touching the person.

133
Q

You are playing ball and someone on the other team gets hit in the head with a baseball bat. The person is conscious, but you notice blood coming from his right ear canal. Which action would be most appropriate?

A

Cover the ear lightly with a sterile dressing and call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number.

134
Q

Which type of wound is more readily infected by the bacteria that may cause tetanus?

A

Puncture wound

135
Q

True or false: Lay responders are generally able to determine the exact extent of damage in head, neck and spinal injuries so that they can tell EMS personnel about the injury.

A

False

136
Q

What symptom would tend to suggest a serious musculoskeletal injury?

A

The lack of sensation in an extremity

137
Q

True or false: heat exhaustion is when the body’s temperature-regulating mechanism becomes overwhelmed

A

True

138
Q

True or false: when caring for a person with a head, neck or spinal injury, you would move the person’s head so that it would be in line with the body.

A

False

139
Q

What would lead you to suspect that a person is experiencing worsening dehydration?

A

Lack of tears

140
Q

A person you are helping is conscious and alert but is complaining of a severe headache, pain in his or her abdomen and nausea. You observe that the person’s lips and mouth are very red and swollen. You suspect that the person might have been exposed to a poison. What first question might you ask to help confirm you suspicion?

A

What have you recently had to eat or drink?

141
Q

What is your top priority as a lay responder when dealing with a sudden illness

A

Knowing enough about sudden illness to recognize when to call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number.

142
Q

When splinting an injured body part, what would you do?

A

Support the injured body part in the position found.

143
Q

A child has been bitten by another child and there is minimal bleeding from the wound. What action would be most appropriate to do first?

A

Wash the area with soap and water

144
Q

A person sustains a musculoskeletal injury resulting from being hit in the arm by a baseball. This is an example of which type of force as the cause of the injury?

A

Direct

145
Q

You are checking an unconscious adult and find that he or she is not breathing normally. What should you do next?

A

Start CPR immediately

146
Q

What is the most appropriate thing to do when giving care to a person having a seizure?

A

Protect the person from injury and maintain an open airway

147
Q

When giving care to a person having a stroke, what should you do first?

A

Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number

148
Q

Approximately half of all head, neck and spinal injuries result from:

A

Motor vehicle collisions

149
Q

True or false: the emergency medical responder’s role in the EMS system is the same as the role of the lay responder.

A

False

150
Q

A person who dies from anaphylaxis usually does so as a result of:

A

Severely impaired breathing

151
Q

The first person to arrive on the scene who is trained to give a higher level of care is usually the:

A

Emergency medical responder (EMR)

152
Q

A friend has a severe cut on her arm. After a few days of caring for the cut, your friend says she is not feeling well and shows you red lines starting at the cut and progressing up her arm. She asks your advice on what to do next. You should tell your friend to:

A

Contact her physician to determine further care

153
Q

When applying a sling, place the triangular bandage over the:

A

Uninjured shoulder

154
Q

You are caring for a person who is in shock. The person tells you he or she is very thirst and ask you for something to drink. What would you give the person?

A

Nothing to drink or eat

155
Q

If, during the second analysis, the AED prompts “no shock advised,” you should:

A

Resume CPR until the AED reanalyzes or you find an obvious sign of life

156
Q

What would be the most appropriate to do when giving care to a person with minor frostbite of the toes?

A

Rewarm the toes gently using skin-to-skin contact.

157
Q

You are walking down the street when a young boy collapses in front of you. You come to his aid and discover that he is unconscious and not breathing. After having a bystander call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number, you begin CPR. After about 3 minutes, the child begins to breathe. What should you do?

A

Stop CPR, keep the airway open and continue to monitor the child.

158
Q

The first thing you should do when giving care to a person who has an injury to the chest, abdomen or pelvis is to:

A

Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number.

159
Q

The best way to begin you check of conscious child who is upset is to start at which area?

A

Toes

160
Q

Why would you apply an ice pack to the entry site of a bite or sting?

A

To reduce pain and swelling in the affected area

161
Q

You loosen restrictive clothing, such as a tie or collar, of a person who has fainted to:

A

Allow for unrestricted blood flow

162
Q

When you have to work outside on a hot, summer day, you should wear:

A

Light-colored clothing

163
Q

A heart attack usually results from:

A

Coronary heart disease

164
Q

The most prominent signal of a heart attack is:

A

Persistent chest pain, discomfort or pressure

165
Q

True or false: cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for men and women in the United States.

A

True

166
Q

What do you do when applying a roller bandage?

A

Check feeling, warmth and color of the area below the injury site, before and after application.

167
Q

Which type of bandage can easily restrict blood flow if not properly applied?

A

Elastic roller bandages

168
Q

You are giving care to a person who has been stabbed in his or her leg. The wound is bleeding profusely and you determine that the person is showing signs of shock. You would identify this type of shock as:

A

Hypovolemic

169
Q

A person faints because blood flow to the:

A

Brain is momentarily reduced

170
Q

You suspect that a person has sustained poisoning by injection. What would help support your suspicions?

A

Localized itchy rash

171
Q

The held-tilt/chin-lift technique is used to:

A

Open an airway

172
Q

You are giving rescue breaths to an infant who is not breathing. What do you do?

A

Make a complete seal over the mouth and nose

173
Q

When would you seek immediate medical attention for a person with a closed wound?

A

If a victim cannot move without pain, or the force that caused the injury was great enough to cause serious damage

174
Q

The cycle of compressions to breaths in CPR for an adult is:

A

30 compressions for every 2 breaths.

175
Q

True or false: shock occurs when an adequate amount of fluid is circulating to the vital organs.

A

False

176
Q

When immobilizing an injury, what is the most important to do?

A

Keep the injured area in the position found.

177
Q

You can help avoid accidental poisoning by:

A

Keeping products in their original, labeled containers.

178
Q

Heat cramps:

A

Involve painful spasms of skeletal muscles.

179
Q

Why does the administration of food or fluids with sugar help a person with hypoglycemia?

A

People with hypoglycemia shock have low blood sugar; extra sugar helps the cells function better.

180
Q

A person who is holding one side of the chest and who has trouble breathing might have a possible:

A

Rib fracture

181
Q

A person who has ingested a poison should be encourages to vomit:

A

Only if advised to do so by a Poison Control Center.

182
Q

You are performing CPR on an adult when you notice that the person shows an obvious sign of life. What would you do next?

A

Check to see if the person is breathing normally and, if so, continue to monitor the person.

183
Q

You suspect that a person is experiencing an asthma attack based on what most common signal?

A

Wheezing

184
Q

What would be effective in helping to prevent head, neck, and spinal injuries?

A

Wearing lap and shoulder restraints when in the car.

185
Q

What is the most important action you can take for a person who has inhaled a poison?

A

Get the person to fresh air, then call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number.

186
Q

Someone you know has fainted. The person recovers quickly and is not complaining of any other injuries or signals. What further care might you give?

A

Take the person, or have someone else take the person, to a physician or emergency department for further evaluation

187
Q

What is the most important step that you can take when giving care to a person who has a life-threatening condition?

A

Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number for help

188
Q

You must call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number immediately when:

A

The person has trouble breathing.

189
Q

True or false: a person who is conscious, has a heartbeat and signs of life can have a life-threatening emergency

A

True

190
Q

It is important to control bleeding from any child because:

A

Even a small amount of blood loss may be serious because of the size of the child

191
Q

What is the easiest way to tell if an injured or ill person is conscious and shows signs of life?

A

Ask the person if he or she is okay.

192
Q

True or false: you can typically judge the severity of a burn by the pain the person feels.

A

False

193
Q

What would be the least likely to find with a closed wound?

A

Significant external bleeding.

194
Q

When giving chest thrusts to a conscious infant who is choking, you would compress the chest to which depth?

A

1-1/2 inches

195
Q

What would you do first when checking an unconscious person?

A

Open the airway

196
Q

Blood volume

A

The total amount of blood circulating in the body.

197
Q

You have been giving back blows and abdominal thrust to a conscious choking person but your efforts have been ineffective and the person becomes unconscious. What action would you do first?

A

Carefully lower the person to the floor.

198
Q

When giving care to a person with a suspected head, neck or spinal injury, you observe the person’s level of consciousness and:

A

Breathing.

199
Q

When splinting an injured leg, you also notice there is a large laceration on the leg. How would you modify the splinting procedure?

A

Cover the wound with a dressing and bandage with minimal pressure before splinting.

200
Q

True or false: bleeding can be either internal or external.

A

True

201
Q

When apply a rigid splint to an injured wrist after you have controlled any bleeding, you would follow what sequence?

A

Check the fingers for feeling, warmth, and color. Pad the splint; apply the splint; secure the splint; put the arm in a sling; secure the arm; check the fingers for feeling, warmth and color.

202
Q

You suspect a forearm injury. What two joints would you immobilize with a splint?

A

Elbow and wrist

203
Q

Where do you position the head of a conscious infant who you have determined is choking?

A

So that the infant’s head is lower than his or her chest.

204
Q

Which signals might you see in a person having a diabetic emergency?

A

Irregular breathing

205
Q

A person has been involved in a motor vehicle accident and has experienced trauma to his spinal cord. You would be alert for which type of shock?

A

Neurogenic

206
Q

You are washing you hands after giving care to a person. You would rub your hands vigorously with the soap for how long?

A

15 seconds

207
Q

True or false: AEDs equipped with pediatric AED pads are capable of delivering levels of energy to a person between 1 and 8 years of age or weighing less that 55 pounds.

A

True

208
Q

What would be the least likely way to promote disease transmission of bloodborne pathogens?

A

Shaking hands with an infected person

209
Q

Chest pain or pressure that comes and goes at different times is sometimes called:

A

Angina pectoris

210
Q

What is the first thing when interviewing an injured or ill person?

A

Introduce yourself and gain the person’s consent.

211
Q

Infections from human bites are caused by:

A

Bacteria in the saliva

212
Q

When performing CPR on a child, you would compress the chest at a rate of:

A

100 compressions per minute

213
Q

A person suffering from hypothermia needs to be rewarmed, but not too quickly. Why?

A

Rapid rewarming can cause dangerous heart rhythms.

214
Q

What method is used to open an unconscious person’s airway?

A

Pushing down on the forehead with one hand while using the other hand to pull up on the bony part of the jaw, lifting the chin.

215
Q

True or false: you should move or straighten a limb before applying a splint, since leaving a broken limb in an unusual position can cause the victim additional pain.

A

False

216
Q

A person has just used his or her asthma inhaler. You would anticipate that the person could repeat the medication after which time frame?

A

1 to 2 minutes

217
Q

To prevent further damage to the spinal column for a person with a head, neck or spinal injury, you would place:

A

Your hands on both sides of the person’s head, supporting the head in the position found.

218
Q

What should you do if a person vomits while giving rescue breaths?

A

Roll the victim onto one side as a unit and clear the mouth.

219
Q

What is a signal of heat exhaustion?

A

Cool, moist, pale skin.

220
Q

You think that a person might be having a heart attack. What would be the most appropriate action to take?

A

Have the person stop what he or she is doing and rest comfortably.

221
Q

If the AED pads risk touching each other such as with a small child or an infant you should:

A

Place one pad in the middle of the chest and the other on the back.

222
Q

True or false: the best way to care for frostbite is by vigorously rubbing the area of the body you think might be affected.

A

False

223
Q

You place a person having a stroke in a position to allow fluids to drain from his or her mouth based which person?

A

Any muscle weakness caused by stroke may affect swallowing and allow fluid accumulation.

224
Q

You are caring for an injured person who is bleeding form a wound on one arm. You have applied direct pressure to the wound, and place a pressure bandage on the wound. Unfortunately, the bleeding continues and the pressure bandage is now soaked with blood. What action would be most appropriate?

A

Apply an additional pressure bandage to absorb the blood and call 9-1-1.

225
Q

What condition may result in shock?

A

Significant loss of blood

226
Q

Why does the heart beat faster when a person is in shock?

A

To compensate for inadequate blood flow.

227
Q

True or false: the care for wrist injuries is the same as the care for forearm injuries.

A

True

228
Q

True or false: blood or other fluid draining from the mouth is an indication of a serious head, neck or spinal injury.

A

False

229
Q

A condition in which too much sugar is in the bloodstream is called:

A

Hyperglycemia

230
Q

To give abdominal thrusts, you would position your covered fist:

A

Just above the navel

231
Q

You suspect that a person has sustained a fractured femur. What would you expect to find?

A

Inability to move the extremity

232
Q

An adult is not breathing because he has been involved in a drowning incident. After checking for breathing, what do you do first?

A

Give 2 rescue breaths.

233
Q

Cardiac arrest is life threatening because:

A

Vital organs are not receiving oxygen-rich blood.

234
Q

After typing a splint on an injured arm, you find that the person’s fingers are turning blue and are cool to the touch. What should you do?

A

Loosen the splint to allow to circulation.

235
Q

You have applied direct pressure to a bleeding wound on a person’s forearm and have covered the dressing with bandage. You would check for circulation at which location?

A

Hand

236
Q

True or false: calling 9-1-1 or the local emergency is the first step you should take in any emergency.

A

False

237
Q

Full-thickness burns:

A

May destroy nerves and muscles

238
Q

A person who is unconscious and lying on his or her back could stop breathing if what occurs?

A

Tongue falls to the back of his or her throat.

239
Q

What type of burn may directly affect the heart?

A

Electrical burn

240
Q

A condition in which too much sugar is in the bloodstream is called:

A

Hyperglycemia

241
Q

You are preparing to apply a soft splint. What would be appropriate to use?

A

Folded towel

242
Q

What is the first step you should take when preparing to give care to a person with burns?

A

Check to see if the scene is safe

243
Q

A chemical burn to the eye should be cared for by:

A

Flushing the eye with cool running water until EMS personnel arrive.

244
Q

You suspect that a person has a fractured rib. You should care for this injury by:

A

Using a sling and binder to hold the person’s arm against the injured side of the chest

245
Q

Pain associated with a heart attack results from:

A

The heart not getting the oxygen that it needs.

246
Q

It is important to call 9-1-1 for any person having a stroke because:

A

Many new treatments for stroke are time-sensitive and should be done immediately.

247
Q

Reasons for why people hesitate or do not act after recognizing an emergency are called:

A

Barriers to act

248
Q

For what situation would you call the Poison Control Center instead of 9-1-1?

A

Person is conscious

249
Q

You are about to help a conscious adult who has a complete airway obstruction. What should you do first?

A

Obtain consent from the person

250
Q

Poisoning occurs when:

A

An external substance that can cause injury, illness or death enters the body.

251
Q

When a person has an embedded object, you should control severe bleeding by doing what?

A

Bandaging dressings around the object.

252
Q

How can bystanders be helpful to you while you are checking the scene?

A

Calling 9-1-1 or the local emergency number or retrieving first aid supplies.

253
Q

Which type of sudden illness may have signals that include weakness on one side of the body and pupils of unequal size?

A

Stroke

254
Q

You can consider the possibility of a serious head, neck or spinal injury by:

A

Checking the scene and thinking about the forces involved in the injury.

255
Q

Severe bleeding is considered life threatening because:

A

Too little oxygen is carried to the vital organs.

256
Q

When moving a person, what is important to remember?

A

Lift with your legs, not your back.

257
Q

In general, Good Samaritan laws protect:

A

Lay responders who willingly give first aid without accepting anything in return

258
Q

True or false: an embedded object in the eye should be removed to give care to the wound.

A

False

259
Q

To minimize the risk of disease transmission, you would:

A

Replace gloves that become punctured.

260
Q

CPR compressions on an infant are performed using:

A

The pads of two fingers.

261
Q

You suspect that an injured person has a severe closed wound. What would you expect to find?

A

Tenderness and hardness in the injured area.

262
Q

A gunshot wound is an example of which type of wound

A

Puncture

263
Q

True or false: delivering an electrical shock with and AED disrupts the electrical activity of V-fib and V-tach long enough to allow the heart to spontaneously develop an effective rhythm on its own.

A

True

264
Q

True or false: a person can develop a heat-related illness or cold-related emergency solely when extreme temperatures occur

A

False

265
Q

Once you have recognized that an emergency exists and you decide to act, which action would be most important for you to perform as a lay responder?

A

Calling 9-1-1 or the local emergency number

266
Q

If the respiratory system fails, which other body system will eventually fail?

A

All body systems

267
Q

True or false: the surrounding air must be below freezing before hypothermia can occur.

A

False

268
Q

You would use which technique to minimize movement of the head and neck?

A

Manual stabilization

269
Q

What is an indication of frostbite?

A

Waxy, discolored skin

270
Q

After removing a tick, what action would be most appropriate when giving care to the entry site?

A

Applying an antiseptic and antibiotic ointment if possible

271
Q

An occlusive dressing is used for a penetrating injury that results in a sucking chest wound. It is important to leave a corner of that dressing loose so that:

A

Air can escape during exhalation but not enter during inhalation.

272
Q

The best care to defend against infection for a small abrasion is:

A

Using soap and water to clean the wound.

273
Q

True or false: the basic care for domestic and wild animal bites is the same as for a human bite.

A

True

274
Q

What is the difference between heat stroke and heat exhaustion?

A

Heat stroke can result in death if the body is not cooled.

275
Q

True or false: most heat-related illnesses are self-correcting if care is not given

A

False

276
Q

A person has an open wound on the scalp that is bleeding. While beginning to apply pressure to the area, you feel a depression. Which action would be most appropriate?

A

Apply pressure on the area around the wound.

277
Q

When would you call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number for a child having a febrile seizure?

A

The first time the child has febrile seizure

278
Q

When performing CPR on an adult, you would use:

A

Two hands on the center of the chest.

279
Q

You are preparing to apply a splint to a person’s forearm. What would you do first?

A

Obtain the person’s consent for treatment.

280
Q

You are in a shopping mall and a person is having a seizure. The seizure only lasts a few minutes, following which, the person is awake but disoriented. What action would be most appropriate?

A

Reassure the person, remove or shield the person from any bystanders, ask if there are other injuries and call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number if necessary.

281
Q

You have come upon an accident, have made sure the scene is safe and have approached conscious child who you have determined is experiencing respiratory distress. What do you know immediately know about the child’s condition without the need for further inspection?

A

The child’s heart is still beating

282
Q

Why is it important not to move a person from the scene unless there is immediate danger?

A

Moving a person ca lead to further injury and pain.

283
Q

How does care for an injury to the cheek differ from care for other soft tissue injuries?

A

You can control bleeding from both sides of the wound.

284
Q

General care for head, neck and spinal injuries includes what?

A

Caring for life-threatening conditions

285
Q

When handling an emergency involving an adult, you perform the three emergency action steps correctly by doing:

A

Checking the scene and the person, calling 9-1-1 or the local emergency number, then caring for the person.

286
Q

An injured person suffers a puncture wound. You would anticipate that this person is at high risk for what?

A

Infection

287
Q

A person tells you that he has a history of diabetes mellitus and asks you for something sugar in it because he is feeling “a little shaky”. What would be appropriate to give him?

A

Orange juice

288
Q

Checking one side of the body against the other for non-life-threatening conditions may be difficult in a person with motor impairment for which reason.

A

Body parts may not look normal as a result of a specific condition.

289
Q

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR):

A

Circulates blood that contains oxygen to the vital organs

290
Q

You call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number for a person who has been bitten by a copperhead snake. While waiting for help to arrive, what should you do?

A

Wash the site with soap and water.

291
Q

When performing chest compressions on an adult, you would compress the chest to which depth?

A

At least 2 inches

292
Q

Which of the following would be most appropriate to do when giving care to a person having a seizure?

A

Protect the person from injury and maintain an open airway.

293
Q

In addition to keeping an infected wound area clean, what additional care would you give?

A

Apply an antibiotic ointment if no known allergies.

294
Q

When caring for a large laceration to the neck, you should apply:

A

An occlusive dressing to avoid getting air into a vein.

295
Q

A person who is coughing up blood, is having trouble breathing and has bruising on his or her shoulder might be suffering from:

A

A severe injury to the chest.

296
Q

It is a typical late-fall day and your father has been outside for a good part of the day working in the yard. When he enters the house, he is visibly shivering and appears to be somewhat confused and disoriented. His clothing is soaked. What action would be appropriate to do first?

A

Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number.

297
Q

What would you do for an unconscious person who may be experiencing a diabetic emergency?

A

Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number immediately.

298
Q

Exposure to carbon monoxide:

A

Cannot be reliably detected as it is colorless and odorless.

299
Q

What describes the difference in the care you would give to a person who experiencing insulin shock from one who is in a diabetic coma?

A

The basic care is the same: call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number and, if the person is conscious, you may give food or fluids with sugar.

300
Q

True or false: you should call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number immediately if a person who is known to have seizures experiences seizures, one after the other.

A

True

301
Q

A male adult has been involved in an accident. After checking the scene, you determine that there is no immediate danger. Which statement would be most appropriate?

A

“Please remain still so I can assess your condition.”

302
Q

You work in a laboratory facility. Someone is conducting experiments in the next lab. You hear a noise that sounds like a ‘pop,’ followed by the crash of glass. As you approach the lab door, you notice a foul smell coming from under the door. You shout through the closed door but get no answer. You call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number. What should you do next?

A

Wait for EMS to arrive. Do not enter the room because the fumes might be harmful to you.

303
Q

A person has an anatomical airway obstruction. What would be the most likely cause?

A

Tongue

304
Q

True or false: a person whose heart has stopped beating will also have stopped breathing.

A

True

305
Q

The best method for saving a dislodged tooth until it can be replanted into the person’s mouth is to place it in:

A

a cup of milk

306
Q

Once a tourniquet is positioned around the limb and the strap is pulled tightly and secured in place, you tighten the rod until:

A

Any bright-red bleeding stops

307
Q

What would be the first and most important signal of a serious head injury?

A

Change in level of consciousness

308
Q

A complete cycle of compressions and breaths when performing CPR for an adult should take about:

A

24 seconds

309
Q

Respiratory distress, if not immediately cared for, can lead to:

A

Respiratory arrest

310
Q

General care for a person who has an injury to the chest, abdomen or pelvis includes:

A

Limiting the person’s movement

311
Q

The lay responder’s first step in an emergency is to:

A

Recognize that an emergency exists

312
Q

For CPR to be most effective, you should position the person in which manner?

A

On his or her back on a firm, flat surface

313
Q

Initial care for a person affected by an absorbed poison is to:

A

Rinse the area thoroughly with large amounts of water.

314
Q

What is the most important thing to remember when giving care for a person until EMS personnel arrive?

A

Do not further harm

315
Q

One sign of respiratory distress in an infant is:

A

Breathing noisily

316
Q

True or false: after you have splinted an injured body part, you should always call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number to transport the person to the nearest medical facility

A

False

317
Q

A condition in which breathing has stopped is called:

A

Respiratory arrest

318
Q

True or false: general care for a person with a sudden illness requires that 9-1-1 or the local emergency number be called for every incident.

A

False

PED 142 Final Exam (1 decks)

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