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MSK anatomy > Pectoral girdle and shoulder joint > Flashcards

Pectoral girdle and shoulder joint Flashcards

1
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the shoulder

A

Origionate from the torso, and attach to the bones of the shoulder (clavicle, scapula or humerus)

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2
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the shoulder

A

Origionate from the scapula and/or clavicle, and attach to the humerus

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3
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder (scapulohumeral group)?

A
  • deltoid
  • teres major
  • rotator cuff muscles
    • supraspinatus
    • infraspinatus
    • subscapularis
    • teres minor
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4
Q

Deltoid attachments

A

Origionate from the lateral third of the clavicle, the acromion and the spine of the scapula. It attaches to the deltoid tubercle on the lateral aspect of the humerus.

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5
Q

Deltoid innervation

A

Axillary nerve

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6
Q

Deltoid actions

A
  • Anterior fibres - flexion and medial rotation
  • Middle fibres - the major abductor of the arm (takes over from the supraspinatus which abducts the first 15 degrees)
  • Posterior fibres - extension and lateral rotation
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7
Q

Teres major attachments

A

Origionates from the posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula. It attaches to the medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus.

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8
Q

Teres major innervation

A

Lower subscapular nerve

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9
Q

Teres major actions

A

Adducts at the shoulder and medially rotates the arm

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10
Q

Rotator cuff muscles collective function

A

Gives the glenohumeral joint additional stability

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11
Q

Supraspinatus attachments

A

Origionates from the supraspinous fossa of the scapula, attaches to the greater tubercle of the humerus.

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12
Q

Supraspinatus innervation

A

Suprascapular nerve

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13
Q

Supraspinatus action

A

Abducts the arm 0-15 degrees, assists deltoid for 15-90 degrees.

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14
Q

Infraspinatus attachments

A

Origionates from the infraspinatus fossa of the scapula, attaches to the greater tubercle of the humerus.

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15
Q

Infraspinatus innervation

A

Suprascapular nerve

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16
Q

Infraspinatus actions

A

Laterally rotates the arm

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17
Q

Subscapularis attachments

A

Origionates from the subscapular fossa, on the costal surface of the scapula. It attaches to the lesser tubercle of the humerus.

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18
Q

Subscapularis innervation

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

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19
Q

Subscapularis actions

A

Medially rotates the arm

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20
Q

Teres minor attachements

A

Origionates from the posterior surface of the scapula, adjacent to its lateral border. It attaches to the greater tubercle of the humerus.

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21
Q

Teres minor innervation

A

Axillary nerve

22
Q

Teres minor actions

A

Laterally rotates arm

23
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the shoulder?

A
  • Superficial
    • trapezius
    • latissumus dorsi
  • Deep
    • levator scapulae
    • rhomboids
24
Q

Trapezius attachments

A

Origionates from the skull, nuchal ligaments and spinous processes of C7-T12. The fibres attach to the clavicle, acromion and the scapula spine.

25
Q

Trapezius innervation

A

Motor innervation is from the accessory nerve. It also recieves proprioceptor fibres from C3 and C4 spinal nerves.

26
Q

Trapezius actions

A
  • Upper fibres - elevates scapula and rotates it during abduction of the arm
  • Middle fibres - retract the scapula
  • Lower fibres - pull the scapula inferiorly
27
Q

Latissimus dorsi attachments

A

Has a broad origin - arising from the spinous processes of T7-T12, iliac crest, thoracolumber fascia, and the inferior three ribs. The fibres converge into a tendon that attaches to the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus.

28
Q

Latissimus dorsi innervation

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

29
Q

Latissimus dorsi actions

A

Extents, adducts and medially rotates the upper limb

30
Q

Levator scapulae attachments

A

Origionates from the transverse processes of the C1-C4 vertebrae and attaches to the medial border of the scapula.

31
Q

Levator scapulae innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

32
Q

Levator scapulae actions

A

Elevates the scapula

33
Q

Rhomboid major attachments

A

Origionates from the spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae. Attaches to the medial border of the scapula between the scapula spine and inferioir angle.

34
Q

Rhomboid major innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

35
Q

Rhomboid major actions

A

Retracts and rotates the scapula

36
Q

Rhomboid minor attachments

A

Origionates from the spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae. Attaches to the medial border of the scapula, at the level of the spine of scapula.

37
Q

Rhomboid minor innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

38
Q

Rhomboid minor actions

A

Retracts and rotates the scapula

39
Q

What are the muscles of the pectoral region?

A

Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior and subclavius

40
Q

Pectoralis major attachments

A
  • The distal attachment of both heads is into the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus.
  • Clavicular head origionates from the anterior surface of the medial clavicle.
  • Sternocosal head origionates from the anterior surface of the sternum, the superior six costal cartilages and the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle.
41
Q

Pectoralis major function

A

Adducts and medially rotates the upper limb, and draws the scapula anterioinferiorly. The clavicular head also acts individually to flex the upper limb.

42
Q

Pectoralis major innervation

A

Lateral and medial petoral nerves

43
Q

Pectoralis minor attachment

A

Origionates from the 3rd to 5th ribs, and inserts into the coracoid process of the scapula.

44
Q

Pectoralis minor function

A

Stabilises the scapula by drawing it anterioinferiorly against the thoracic wall

45
Q

Pectoralis minor innervation

A

Medial pectoral nerve

46
Q

Serratus anterior attachments

A

The muscle consists of several strips, which origionate from the lateral aspects of ribs 1-8. They attach to the costal surfaces of the medial border of the scapula.

47
Q

Serratus anterior function

A

Rotates the scapula, allowing the arm to be raised over 90 degrees. It also holds the scapula against the rib cage.

48
Q

Serratus anterior innervation

A

Long thoracic nerve

49
Q

Subclavius attachments

A

Originates from the junction of the 1st rib and its costal cartilage, inserting into the inferior surface of the middle third of the clavicle.

50
Q

Subclavius function

A

Anchors and depresses the clavicle.

51
Q

Subclavius innervation

A

Nerve to subclavius

MSK anatomy (10 decks)

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