Pearls Practice Flashcards
What condition results in a right-sided heart sound that decreases with inspiration?
Pulmonary Valve Stenosis
A patient presents with hypertension in the arms, but hypotension in the legs
Coarctation of the Aorta
A patient presents with a normal radial pulse, but low femoral pulse
Coarctation of the Aorta
A patient presents with unexplained migraines with aura, stokes…
Patent Foramen Ovale
Flame-sign viewed on echocardiography/doppler
Patent Foramen Ovale
Tet Spells
Tetralogy of Fallot
Toddler squats during play and refuses to stand up
Tetralogy of Fallot
Boot-shaped heart on chest x-ray
Tetralogy of Fallot
Patient has clubbed and cyanotic feet, but hands appear normal
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Thin patient (low BMI), with pectus excavatum (sunken or funnel chest) connective tissue disorder, skeletal changes, and an arm-span greater than wing-span
Mitral Valve Prolapse
The patient has pulsus parvus es tardus (delayed, weak carotid pulse)
Aortic Stenosis
Patient is an immigrant and/or has a history of Rheumatic Fever
Mitral Stenosis, Tricuspid Valve Stenosis, or Aortic Regurgitation
Patient presents with left ventricular hypertrophy and has a history of infective endocarditis
Aortic Regurgitation - most common cause in the US is infective endocarditis
Patient presents with a wide arterial pulse pressure, nailbed capillary pulsations, head bob with each pulse, and BP that is 40 mm Hg higher in the legs than the arms
Aortic Regurgitation
Chest x-ray shows enlarge right atrium and superior vena cava
Tricuspid Stenosis
right atria is being overworked, trying to push blood through the stenosis
back-up of blood in SVC because blood is having trouble leaving the right atrium
Chest x-ray shows distention of the azygous vein
Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation
elevated JVP with large “v” wave
Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation
prominant “a” waves in JVP
Pulmonary Valve Stenosis and Tricuspid Valve Stenosis
elevated JVP with large “a” and “v” waves
Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation
precordial chest pain lasting less than 3 minutes that is relieved by rest or nitrates
Stable Angina
chest pain, sweating, dyspnea, nausea, and fatigue occurring at rest and does not respond to rest or nitrates
Unstable Angina
Middle-aged woman wakes up with angina; ECG shows ST-segment elevation, no stenosis visible on electrocardiography
Prinzmetal Angina/ Coronary Vasospasm
Patient presents with chest pain, elevated troponin levels, and ST-segment elevation
STEMI
Chest X-ray shows enlarged heart and Kerley B lines
Ventricular Heart Failure
