Peads Flashcards
The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for
the first 6 months of life
What are some common issues with breast feeding
poor milk supply
difficulty latching
discomfort or pain for the mother
overfeeds is more common in
bottle-fed babies
What does breast milk contain
87% water
1% protein
4% lipid
7% carbohydrate
Oligosaccharides
Vit D and K
DHA and EPA
Breastmilk is
dynamic and the composition changes in order to meet the babies needs
breastmilk contains that other milk doesn’t
additional biological compounds which are not available elsewhere, which supports the infants immune system and gives anti-infective properties
benefits of oligosaccharides
Complex carbs feed the infant’s gut bacteria, an important quality of breastmilk
Benefits of breastfeeding
lowers risk of mortality
lowers risk of diarrhoea and pneumonia
protective factor against childhood morbidity and mortality
protective against necrotising enterocolitis and sudden death syndrome
lowers risk of otitis media
higher intelligence later in childhood
lower risk of obesity
complimentary feeding refers to
introducing food other than breastmilk to an infants diet, which takes place around 6 months
why is weaning delayed until 6 months?
allow the infants swallow reflex to develop and gut to mature sufficiently
Complementary feeding (recommended by WHO) (CFORD BIGF)
C - Continue frequent breastfeeding until 2 years of age
F - Frequent, on-demand breastfeeding
O - Only look at your child
R - Responsive feeding
D - Directly feed infants and assist older children
B - Be patient
I - Increase food consistency and variety.
G - Good hygiene
F - Fortified complementary foods or vitamin-mineral supplements as needed
How many times should a infant be fed 6-8 months
2-3 meals per day
How many times should a infant 9-23 months be fed
3-4 meals per day with additional 1 to 2 snacks
Things to think about for complimentary feeding
Viscosity of food
Frequency and duration of feeding
Nutrient density
Avoidance of inhibitors and uptake enhancers
Hygiene, preparation, processing and storage
Signs of food allergy can include
diarrhoea or vomiting
a cough
wheezing and shortness of breath
itchy throat and tongue
itchy skin or rash
swollen lips and throat
runny blocked nose
sore, red and itchy eyes
Breast milk contains what, to help protect the neonate from infection
antibodies
Breastfeeding has been linked to
reduced infections, better cognitive development, lower risk of certain conditions later in life and a reduced risk of sudden infant death syndrome
Smaller body composition has been linked with
breastfed babies compared to bottle-feeding
Formula-fed babies should receive, how many ml per kg of body weight?
150ml
Breast feed babies can loose up to, what percentage of their body weight
10%
formula fed babies can loose up to what percentage of their body weight in the the first 5 days
5%
Babies should be back at their birth weight by day?
10
Weaning refers to
the gradual transition from milk to normal food.
what foods does weaning start with
pureed foods that are easy to palate, swallow and digest, for example, pureed food and baby rice
What are the 4 major domains of child development
Gross motor (large movements)
Fine motor (precise skilled movements)
Language (speech)
Personal and social (interacting, communicating, playing, and building relationships)
What are the three phases of growth
0 to 2 = rapid growth driven by nutritional factors
2 years to puberty = steady slow growth
Puberty = rapid growth spurt driven by sex hormones
Fussy eating tips P-E-L-V-(D)-S-S
P-E-L-V-I-S-S
P- Positive attitude towards food
E- Encourage
L- Lead by example
V- Variety of foods
D- Don’t force feed
S- Self-feeding
S- Stress-free + distraction-free meal times
