Peads Flashcards
Drug and dose for suspected meningitis
Age 1-10: 600mg IM BenPen
>10: 1200mg
Mx of asthma in >15 y
Same as 5-15, theophylline at end
Drug treatment protocol in ADHD, side effects
Last resort, age 5 and over only.
6 week trial of methylphenidate
Side effects: abdo pain, nausea, cardio toxic
Rubella features
Rash: pink maculopapular, initially on face before spreading to whole body, usually fades by the 3-5 day
Lymphadenopathy: suboccipital and postauricular
Scarlett fever
Fever, malaise, tonsillitis
‘Strawberry’ tongue
Rash - fine punctate erythema sparing the area around the mouth (circumoral pallor)
Definition of precocious puberty
<8 in girls
<9 in boys
Autosomal dominant vs recessive
Autosomal recessive: metabolic (except at ataxia)
Autosomal dominant: structural (except Gilbert’s, hyperlipidaemia)
tetralogy of fallot vs transposition of great arteries age of presentation
TOF: 1-2 months
TGA: first 24-48hours of life
Management of reflux in babies
- Trial little and often feeds
- Trial thickened feeds
- Gaviscon (not together with thickening agents)
- PPI
age of knowing ‘mama, dada’ and 2-6 words
9 months; mama, dada
12-15 months. 2-6 words (Refer at 18 months)
When to immediately refer a fever child to paediatrics
<3 months and pyrexial > 38.0
Presentation and treatment of PDA
- continuous ‘machinery’ murmur
- large volume, bounding, collapsing pulse
- wide pulse pressure
- heaving apex beat
Tx: indomethacin or ibuprofen
When to admit in bronchiolitis
apnoea child looks seriously unwell severe respiratory distress, eg grunting, marked chest recession, or a RR> 70 breaths central cyanosis persistent o2 sats <92%
Major risk factors for SIDS
prone sleeping parental smoking bed sharing hyperthermia and head covering prematurity
TOF presentation in newborns
Cyanotic episodes, boot shaped heart (coer en sabot), clubbing
at what age is hand preference abnormal
<12 months, could indicate cerebral palsy
Fragile X presentation
Learning difficulties, macro orchidism, macrocephaly
Kawasaki presentation
High fever lasting >5 days
red palms with desquamation
strawberry tongue
“Japanese expensive strawberries causing red peeling palms”
Tx of croup
Stat dose dexamethasone
Webbed neck and pectus excavatum
Noonan’s syndrome
Low set ears, cleft palatte, polydactyly, micro ophthalmia
Patau syndrome
Most common cause of hypothyroidism in children
Autoimmune thyroiditis
Meningitis vaccine schedule
2, 4 and 12 months
Emergency management of severe croup
Oxygen and nebulised adrenaline
Age of presentation of Perthes disease
4-8
TOF features
ventricular septal defect (VSD) right ventricular hypertrophy right ventricular outflow tract obstruction pulmonary stenosis overriding aorta
VRROP
Management of Kawasaki
High dose aspirin
IV Ig
Echo to screen for coronary artery aneurysm
Schedule for MMR vaccine
1 year
3-4 years
Tx of whooping cough
azithromycin or clarithromycin if the onset of cough is <21 days
micrognathia, low-set ears, rocker bottom feet and overlapping of fingers
Edwards syndrome
Sit without support milestone
7-8 months
Knows own name milestone
9-12 months
Talk in short sentences
2-5-3 years
small upturned nose, long philtrum (upper lip length), wide mouth, full lips, small chin, and puffiness around the eyes, aortic stenosis
Williams syndrome
6 in 1 vaccine
2, 3 and 4 months
diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio, Hib and hepatitis B
MMR vaccine age
1 year
3-4 years
Risk factors for surfactant deficient lung disease
male sex
diabetic mothers
Caesarean section
second born of premature twins
Micrognathia
Posterior displacement of the tongue (may result in upper airway obstruction)
Cleft palate
Pierre robin syndrome
Whooping cough vaccine in pregnancy
16-32 weeks
Jaundice in babies
First 24hours, always pathological
Day 3-day 14; physiological
If doesn’t resolve, jaundice screen
Palmar grasp
5-6 months
Tower of 3-4 blocks
18months
Crawls and walks unsupported
Crawls: 8-10 months
Walks: 12-15 months
Tx for meningitis in children <3
Cefotaxime and amoxicillin
Age of day and night time continence
3-4
Characteristically anterior knee pain on walking up and down stairs and rising from prolonged sitting
Chondromalacia patellae
Life threatening asthma attack
SpO2 <92% PEF <33% best or predicted Silent chest Poor respiratory effort Agitation Altered consciousness Cyanosis
Perthes age of presentation
4-8
Contraindications to MMR
severe immunosuppression
allergy to neomycin
children who have received another live vaccine by injection within 4 weeks
pregnancy should be avoided for at least 1 month following vaccination
immunoglobulin therapy within the past 3 months
Initial mx of cyanotic heart disease
Prostaglandin E1
