Peacemaking

Question 1

When did the Paris Peace conference take place and who went?

Answer 1

• January 1919

- 32 representatives from the winning countries

Question 2

Who led the meeting?

Answer 2

-the Big 3 - USA, Britain, France

Question 3

What was Clemenceau’s belief?

Answer 3

• revenge - most fighting took place in France - soldiers and civilians died - railways and mines were destroyed
• make Germany less powerful - limit the army, provide geographical barrier between France and Germany in order to make France secure again
• compensations - needed money to rebuild the French economy

Question 4

What was Lloyd George’s belief?

Answer 4

• revenge - wanted to make ‘German’s pay’ - nearly all households lost someone
• didn’t want to be too harsh - could lead to another war and Germany was Britain’s largest trading partner
• empire - wanted Germany’s colonies in order to expand their empire

Question 5

What was Wilson’s belief?

Answer 5

• wasn’t concerned about revenge - America joined the war in 1917, didn’t lose many soldier, furthermore they made lots of money by selling weapons
• wanted a fair world - formed the 14 Points which included of ‘disarmament, freedom of the seas and self determination’

Question 6

What did Germany agree to in the armistice?

Answer 6

• pay reparation
• demilitarise the Rhineland
• give Alsace Lorraine back to France

Question 7

What prior agreements did the allies make with Italy and Japan?

Answer 7

• Italy - give some of the Austrian-Hungarian empire

- Japan - support the claims of land in China

Question 8

Why were the ‘Big Three’ hurried to come to a conclusion?

Answer 8

-the victorious countries wanted their reparation/compensations so they can start rebuilding their economies

Question 9

When was the TofV signed?

Answer 9

-June 28 1919

Question 10

Why was it referred to as a Diktat?

Answer 10

• dictated peace

- no German representatives were allowed to be in the talks

Question 11

What were the military restriction?

Answer 11

• 100,000 men in the army, no conscription
• no air force, tanks, submarines
• in the navy:
• 15,000 men
• 1,500 officers
• 6 battleships

Question 12

What were the territorial losses?

Answer 12

• Danzig was made a free city under the control of the LON
• Rhineland was demilitarised
• Alsace Lorraine was given to the French
• German colonies were given to the LON and was controlled by France and Britain, until they were ready to become independent
• Saar was an important industrial land and was given to the LON for 15 year as financial reparation, then a plebiscite will be held in order to decide who governs it

Question 13

What was Article 231 and 232?

Answer 13

• Article 231 - war guilt clause - Germany and its allies had to take full responsibility for starting the war
• Article 232 - pay reparations

Question 14

Anschluss

Answer 14

-the union between Austria and Germany was forbidden

Question 15

How did Hitler use the TofV as an excuse?

Answer 15

-gave him an excuse to reclaim what was unfairly taken from them

Question 16

What was the German attitude towards the Treaty?

Answer 16

-hatred

Question 17

Were the British people satisfied with the Treaty?

Answer 17

-they thought it was fair as they lost many young lads to the war

Question 18

Was Lloyd George satisfied with the TofV?

Answer 18

• To an extent - he was able to expand the empire
• many Germans found themselves living in new countries, which could potentially lead to war
• thought it was too harsh and the hatred among the German could lead to war, furthermore it could lead to damage in their international trade