Peacemaking Flashcards
Who are ‘The Big Three’?
Britain, France, and the USA.
Who was the leader of Britain?
David Lloyd George.
Who was the leader of France?
George Clemenceau.
Who was the leader of the USA?
Woodrow Wilson.
How many soldiers died in WW1?
8 million.
What was the Paris Peace Conference?
The leaders of the 32 winning countries came together to decide what would happen with the losing countries.
January 1919.
Why was George Clemenceau very angry?
Much of the fighting took place in France, and the Germans destroyed many mines, railways, factories, bridges, and farmland. The French suffered the most deaths, and there was pressure for revenge.
What did George Clemenceau want from the talks?
He wanted to ensure Germany would never be powerful enough to attack again, reduce armed forces, push Germany’s borders back to the Rhine, and seek compensation for rebuilding France.
What did David Lloyd George want from the talks?
He promised to ‘Make Germany Pay’, but was cautious about being too harsh, wanting a strong Germany for trade and to reduce the German navy.
What did Woodrow Wilson want from the talks?
He sought no revenge, suggested a ‘League of Nations’ for cooperation, and believed in ‘Self-determination’ for countries.
What are the ‘Fourteen points’?
A list of rules created by Woodrow Wilson aimed at creating fairness and peace, including the creation of the League of Nations.
What is ‘Diktat’?
It translates to ‘dictated peace’. Germany was upset by their treatment and not allowed to attend the Paris Peace Conference.
Where did the Paris Peace Conference take place?
The Palace of Versailles.
What was the peace treaty called?
The Treaty of Versailles.
What was the purpose of the Treaty of Versailles?
To punish Germany, prevent future attacks, compensate winning countries, and resume war if not signed.
What are the clauses of the Treaty of Versailles?
-German Navy limited to 15,000 men
- army to 100,000 men
- Article 231 (guilt clause), loss of 10% land
-demilitarisation of the Rhineland
-Alsace-lorraine given back to France
-reparations of £6.6 billion
-prohibition of Anschluss
-exclusion from the League of Nations
-Saar given to France 15 years
What is the Rhineland?
A strip of land on the border between Germany and France.
What does demilitarise mean?
The removal of all military forces from an area.
What does reparations mean?
A sum of money to be paid to make amends for any wrongdoing.
What does Anschluss mean?
Union between Austria and Germany.
How did the German public react to the Treaty of Versailles?
They were furious, believed they would face financial ruin, and felt it was unjust, especially regarding the guilt clause.
