Peaceful Coexistence Flashcards
1
Q
East Berlin Rising, 1953
A
- Ulbrickt set factory workers unrealistic targets, work long hours, low wages and shortage of resources
- The Satsi had files on everyone=fear and movement of people from east to west berlin
- Those who stayed=demonstrations in June
2
Q
The Warsaw pact, 1955
A
- West Germany in Nato and remilitarised
- Soviets created the Warsaw pact as a response to NATO
3
Q
The Austrian state treaty, 1955
A
- After WWII Austria was temporarily divided into the same 4 zones as Germany
- Potential to be problem like Germany
- Austrian independence and neutrality so not in NATO or Warsaw
- Withdrawal of superpower troops
4
Q
Khrushchev and Tito, 1955
A
- Stalin had expelled and ostracised Tito (leader of Yugoslavia)
- Khrushchev wanted to reconcile and let Tito back into the brotherhood of the communist nations
- Krushchev also admitted Stalin was wrong to ostracise Tito, he criticised his ‘terror methods’ and denounced him
5
Q
Polish Crisis, 1956
A
- Bread, liberation and freedom
- Demonstrations were met with Polish tanks
- Polish Gov not puppets of the Soviet Union due to Katyn massacre and fixed elections
6
Q
The Hungarian crisis, 1956
A
- New leader of Hungary after hated leader Rakosi took leave
- Imre Nagy was a popular leader who offered reform
- Demonstrations because demanded freedom and the withdrawal of soviet troops
- Nagy lost control of revolt
- Soviet tanks sent into Budapest
7
Q
The end of the Korean war, 1953
A
- Korea remained divided
- NATO and Warsaw pact
- Communism prevented in South and Capitalism prevented in the North
- Stalin dies
- Economies good
8
Q
The Geneva summit, 1955
A
- The open skies proposal which was rejected by Krushchev
- The future of Germany but Krushchev also rejected as it would mean Germany would end up in NATO
9
Q
Krushchev’s peaceful coexistence speech, 1956
A
- Appeared to be a fundamental shift in Soviet thinking
- Krushchev wanted to concentrate Soviet resources on domestic developments
- Policy=Engage the USA in diplomacy to diffuse tension where possible and prevent direct confrontation
10
Q
Suez Crisis, 1956
A
- USA their loan to Nasser, Egyptian leader, to build the Aswan damn
- Nasser turned to the USSR to finance and nationalise the Suez Canal which was owned by Anglo-French company
- Oct, British, French and Isrealis planned a joint invasion
11
Q
How did the east berlin rising affect peaceful coexistence
A
- resentment of workers
- fear
- aggressive, Stalinist soviet actions
- USSR prioritised security over relations
- USA did not get involved or retaliate, Soviet sphere of influence (publicised what was going on in east to the west germans)
- No change between Stalin and Khrushchev
12
Q
How did the Warsaw pact affect peaceful coexistence
A
- Division in europe between 2 armed camps which were both led by superpowers with atomic weaponry
- Defensive treaties
- Divide in place
13
Q
How did the Austrian state treaty affect peaceful coexistence
A
- Improved as it shows a change in soviet government and and a policy showing that negotiation was possible
- Stalin hoped the same would happen with Germany so was willing to forsake Austria
14
Q
How did Khrushchev and Tito affect peaceful coexistence
A
- Khrushchev suggested Stalin was wrong which shows a change in government as he distanced himself from Stalin=softer
- Western worry for potential close ties between Yugoslavia and the USSR=sucked into Soviet sphere of influence
- Sent shock waves across the communist world
15
Q
How did the Polish crisis affect peaceful coexistence
A
- USA believed Polish tanks came out under Soviet demand
16
Q
How did the Hungarian crisis affect peaceful coexistence
A
- No western intervention which reassured the USSR that if any problems erupted in Eastern Europe the West would not get involved=firm Soviet control
- Stalinist tactics
17
Q
How did the end of the Korean war affect peaceful coexistence
A
- Stalin dies
- Communism prevented in South
- Capitalism prevented in North
- Eisenhower went to Korea to solve problem
18
Q
How did the Geneva summit affect peaceful coexistence
A
- Open skies was a step closer to disarmament
- Krushchev didn’t want to find out how far behind the USA they were in the nuclear arms race
- Still not agree on Germany
- First summit meeting since 1945, communication
19
Q
How did Khrushchev’s peaceful coexistence speech affect peaceful coexistence
A
- Showed a difference to Stalin
- USSR to concentrate on domestic developments
- USSR continue expanding nuclear capability
- Krushchev wanted to defuse international tension and take care to not provoke the USA
20
Q
How did the Suez crisis affect peaceful coexistence
A
- Khrushchev threatened nuclear missile attacks on Britain, France and Israel if they did not stop war on 5th Nov
- Known by West that USSR did not possess rockets to propel missiles
- USA financial pressure on British and French troops which is the real reason war stopped
21
Q
How did Camp David affect peaceful coexistence
A
- reaffirmation in Khrushchev’s fait in peaceful coexistence
- Settle international issues through diplomacy over force
- led directly to Paris summit
22
Q
How did the Paris summit affect peaceful coexistence
A
- Summit collapsed due to USA lie over the U-2 spy plane incident so Khrushchev walked out
23
Q
How did the berlin ultimatum affect peaceful coexistence
A
- Ultimatum was rejected on the 31st of December
- The Hallstein doctrine would become irrelevant
- Negotiation over Germany was not fully achieved
24
Q
Camp David, 1959
A
- Khrushvhev became the first Soviet leader the be invited to the USA
- Discussed disarmament and situation in Berlin
- deterioration in sino-soviet relations. Break up communist alliances
25
Q
The Paris summit, May 1960
A
- Khrushchev wanted a deal over Berlin and a ban on weapons in Germany and nuclear weapons in the Pacific
- China would not be bound by any agreement
26
Q
The Berlin ultimatum, 1958
A
- Khrushchev wanted to minimise US influence in Germany and gain assurances that west germany would never be backed by Americans nuclear weapons
- Demanded a withdrawal of of western troops
- All Soviet rights in Berlin would go to the GDR
