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History IR > Peace Treaties 1919-23 > Flashcards

Peace Treaties 1919-23 Flashcards

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1
Q

End of war characteristics

A

15million killed, European economy in ruin and empires collapsed

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2
Q

Treaty of V when

A

Jan 1919

32 country’s delegates

Meet in Paris- palace of Versailles

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3
Q

Big three?

A

Clemenceau
Lloyd George
Wilson

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4
Q

Clemenceau aims

A 
French security
Punish Germany severely
Permanent disarmament 
V high reps
Return of Alsace Lorraine
Rhineland as an independent state 
Saar basin to be transferred to France
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5
Q

Wilson’s aims

A 
Fair and lasting peace
Prevent Germany from seeking revenge
Self determination 
14 points
International cooperation (league)
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6
Q

Lloyd George’s aims

A

Share of g’s colonies
Economic revival of Europe and Germany for trade
Reduce spread of communism
Maintain strength of British navy and colonies
Persuade Clemenceau to not make France the most dominant power

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7
Q

World war 1 ending

A

Nov 1918

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8
Q

French war experience

A

2/3 of army killed
Western front destroyed
Been invaded by G in 1870

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9
Q

USA’s experience of war

A

Better
Too far away
Only at the end
Not motivated by revenge but was an idealist who wanted to make the works safe

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10
Q

Britain’s war experience

A 
> 1 million suffered
British public demanded revenge 
No great threat from Germany 
Biggest navy
Wanted a trading partner
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11
Q

Differences in aims?

A

Public pressure
Threat from G
Individual goals (conflicted)

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12
Q

Treaty of V terms

A 
White.   War guilt 
Rabbits. Reps
Get- To. German colonies and terr
Alice.      Armed forces 
Late        League of Nations
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13
Q

Reparations

A

£6.6bn

Young plan in 1929

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14
Q

Armed forces

A 
10,000 men
Conscription was banned
No armoured vehicles, submarines or aircraft
Only 6 battleships
Rhineland demilitarised
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15
Q

Rhineland

A

Demilitarised zone

Allied army on West Bank of the Rhine for 15yrs

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16
Q

League of Nations

A

An international police force was to be set up to prevent future wars

17
Q

Anschluss

A

Germany and its former ally Austria were not allowed to unite

18
Q

Alsace Lorraine

A

Returned to France

19
Q

Danzig

A

Become a free city administered by the League of Nations. Poland could use the port and the strip of land known as the ‘polish corridor’

20
Q

Eupen, Malmedy, moresnet

A

To Belgium

21
Q

North Schleswig

A

To Denmark

22
Q

W Prussia, Posen and parts of upper Silesia

A

To Poland

23
Q

Memel

A

To Lithuania

24
Q

Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania

A

Independent states

25
Q

German colonies

A

Became mandates of the League of Nations (gb and French control)

26
Q

Treaty of st German

A 
1919
Austria
Separated A from Hungary
Army restricted to 30 000
Bohemia and Moravia to Czechoslovakia 
Bosnia and Croatia to Yugoslavia
27
Q

Treaty of Neuilly

A 
1919
Bulgaria
List land to Greece Romania and Yugoslavia 
Limited to 20 000 soldiers
Paid £100m in reps
28
Q

Treaty of Trianon

A 
1920
Hungary
Transylvania to Romania
Slovakia and Ruthenia to Czechoslovakia 
Slovenia and Croatia to Yugoslavia

3mill Hungarians in other stars and H’s industries suffered greatly

29
Q

Treaty of Sevres

A

1920
Turkey

Smyrna to Greece
Syria mandate under French control
Lost control of Black Sea
Except parts of empire as independent/ under F or GB control (Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia)

Controversial- Turks outraged and nationalists took back Smyrna.

30
Q

Opinions of France

A

Overall satisfied
Reps repair French damage
Protect France (Rhineland)
France got Alsace Lorraine and colonies

But
Not severe enough for public- out if office
G not weak enough
Didn’t gain enough land

31
Q

Opinions of US

A

Self determination
League set up

Too harsh economic policies
Not all fourteen points (freedom of the seas)
Us gov would not sign League of Nations

32
Q

Opinions of GB

A

Moderate French demands
Limited G navy
Resisted freedom of the seas
Took some of G colonies

Still v harsh
Trading impossible
Didn’t want to be controlled by league

33
Q

Difficult to satisfy all?

A

Aims often conflicted
Compromises had to be made (security levels varied + harshness also)
Diff in public opinion and leader’s decisions- unable to do the best thing due to public pressure

34
Q

German opinion

A 
Horrified!
Not started war
Reps were unreasonable
Disarmament was humiliating 
Lost 50% of iron and steel industry
Self determination not allowed- Austria
Uninvited to league- insulting
35
Q

Treaty motivated by revenge?

A

Excessive reps
Humiliating loss of armaments- lack if defence
Unfair double standards
- self d
- treaty of st Germain was much less harsh
- war guilt

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