Peace Treaties 1919-23

Question 1

End of war characteristics

Answer 1

15million killed, European economy in ruin and empires collapsed

Question 2

Treaty of V when

Answer 2

Jan 1919

32 country’s delegates

Meet in Paris- palace of Versailles

Question 3

Big three?

Answer 3

Clemenceau
Lloyd George
Wilson

Question 4

Clemenceau aims

Answer 4

French security
Punish Germany severely
Permanent disarmament 
V high reps
Return of Alsace Lorraine
Rhineland as an independent state 
Saar basin to be transferred to France

Question 5

Wilson’s aims

Answer 5

Fair and lasting peace
Prevent Germany from seeking revenge
Self determination 
14 points
International cooperation (league)

Question 6

Lloyd George’s aims

Answer 6

Share of g’s colonies
Economic revival of Europe and Germany for trade
Reduce spread of communism
Maintain strength of British navy and colonies
Persuade Clemenceau to not make France the most dominant power

Question 7

World war 1 ending

Answer 7

Nov 1918

Question 8

French war experience

Answer 8

2/3 of army killed
Western front destroyed
Been invaded by G in 1870

Question 9

USA’s experience of war

Answer 9

Better
Too far away
Only at the end
Not motivated by revenge but was an idealist who wanted to make the works safe

Question 10

Britain’s war experience

Answer 10

> 1 million suffered
British public demanded revenge 
No great threat from Germany 
Biggest navy
Wanted a trading partner

Question 11

Differences in aims?

Answer 11

Public pressure
Threat from G
Individual goals (conflicted)

Question 12

Treaty of V terms

Answer 12

White.   War guilt 
Rabbits. Reps
Get- To. German colonies and terr
Alice.      Armed forces 
Late        League of Nations

Question 13

Reparations

Answer 13

£6.6bn

Young plan in 1929

Question 14

Armed forces

Answer 14

10,000 men
Conscription was banned
No armoured vehicles, submarines or aircraft
Only 6 battleships
Rhineland demilitarised

Question 15

Rhineland

Answer 15

Demilitarised zone

Allied army on West Bank of the Rhine for 15yrs

Question 16

League of Nations

Answer 16

An international police force was to be set up to prevent future wars

Question 17

Anschluss

Answer 17

Germany and its former ally Austria were not allowed to unite

Question 18

Alsace Lorraine

Answer 18

Returned to France

Question 19

Danzig

Answer 19

Become a free city administered by the League of Nations. Poland could use the port and the strip of land known as the ‘polish corridor’

Question 20

Eupen, Malmedy, moresnet

Answer 20

To Belgium

Question 21

North Schleswig

Answer 21

To Denmark

Question 22

W Prussia, Posen and parts of upper Silesia

Answer 22

To Poland

Question 23

Memel

Answer 23

To Lithuania

Question 24

Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania

Answer 24

Independent states

Question 25

German colonies

Answer 25

Became mandates of the League of Nations (gb and French control)

Question 26

Treaty of st German

Answer 26

``` 1919 Austria Separated A from Hungary Army restricted to 30 000 Bohemia and Moravia to Czechoslovakia Bosnia and Croatia to Yugoslavia ```

Question 27

Treaty of Neuilly

Answer 27

``` 1919 Bulgaria List land to Greece Romania and Yugoslavia Limited to 20 000 soldiers Paid £100m in reps ```

Question 28

Treaty of Trianon

Answer 28

``` 1920 Hungary Transylvania to Romania Slovakia and Ruthenia to Czechoslovakia Slovenia and Croatia to Yugoslavia ``` 3mill Hungarians in other stars and H's industries suffered greatly

Question 29

Treaty of Sevres

Answer 29

1920 Turkey Smyrna to Greece Syria mandate under French control Lost control of Black Sea Except parts of empire as independent/ under F or GB control (Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia) Controversial- Turks outraged and nationalists took back Smyrna.

Question 30

Opinions of France

Answer 30

Overall satisfied Reps repair French damage Protect France (Rhineland) France got Alsace Lorraine and colonies But Not severe enough for public- out if office G not weak enough Didn't gain enough land

Question 31

Opinions of US

Answer 31

Self determination League set up Too harsh economic policies Not all fourteen points (freedom of the seas) Us gov would not sign League of Nations

Question 32

Opinions of GB

Answer 32

Moderate French demands Limited G navy Resisted freedom of the seas Took some of G colonies Still v harsh Trading impossible Didn't want to be controlled by league

Question 33

Difficult to satisfy all?

Answer 33

Aims often conflicted Compromises had to be made (security levels varied + harshness also) Diff in public opinion and leader's decisions- unable to do the best thing due to public pressure

Question 34

German opinion

Answer 34

``` Horrified! Not started war Reps were unreasonable Disarmament was humiliating Lost 50% of iron and steel industry Self determination not allowed- Austria Uninvited to league- insulting ```

Question 35

Treaty motivated by revenge?

Answer 35

Excessive reps Humiliating loss of armaments- lack if defence Unfair double standards - self d - treaty of st Germain was much less harsh - war guilt