PEA - Skeletal and muscular systems

Question 1

What are the main functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

support, posture, protection, movement, blood cell production, storage of minerals

Question 2

Describe the function support

Answer 2

skeleton keeps the body upright and provides a framework for muscle and tissue attachment.

Question 3

Describe the function movement

Answer 3

the skeleton allows movement of the body as a whole and its individual parts.

Question 4

Describe the function blood cell production

Answer 4

certain bones in the skeleton contain bone marrow which produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

Question 5

Describe the function protection

Answer 5

the bones of the skeleton protect the internal organs and reduce the risk of injury on impact

Question 6

Describe the function posture

Answer 6

the skeleton gives the correct shape to our body.

Question 7

Describe the function storage of minerals

Answer 7

the bones store minerals and release them into the blood when the body needs to use them.

Question 8

Describe the function of joints

Answer 8

A joint is a point in the body at which two bones meet, they allow the skeleton to hold together and to move

Question 9

What are the three joints?

Answer 9

1. Fibrous (fixed/immovable)
2. Cartilaginous (slightly moveable)
3. Synovial ( freely moveable)

Question 10

What are the functions of connective tissue (tendon)?

Answer 10

-Muscles are attached to bone by tendons
-very strong
-allow muscle to pull on a bone to move it

Question 11

What are the functions of connective tissue (ligaments)?

Answer 11

-help keep the joint together
-stabilise the joints during movement -can absorb shock

Question 12

What are the functions of connective tissue (cartilage)?

Answer 12

-soft, spongy connective tissue
-cushions the joint
-prevents friction

Question 13

What are the three connective tissues?

Answer 13

1.Ligaments (connecting bone to bone)
2. Tendon ( connecting muscle to bone)
3. cartilage ( protecting the surface of the bones )

Question 14

What is a pivot joint?

Answer 14

Synovial joint that allow bones to rotate only

Question 15

What is a ball and socket joint?

Answer 15

a synovial joint, it allows movements in all directions

Question 16

What is a condyloid joint?

Answer 16

a type of synovial joint that allows movement in most directions

Question 17

What is a hinge joint?

Answer 17

a type of synovial joint that allows joint to flex and extend only

Question 18

What is the role of cartilage connective tissue?

Answer 18

helps absorb impact and keep bones from grinding together

Question 19

What is the role of tendon connective tissue?

Answer 19

attach to muscles that control movement of the joint

Question 20

What is the role of ligament connective tissue?

Answer 20

give the joints their stability

Question 21

What is a dislocation?

Answer 21

Injury resulting in two bones seperate

Question 22

What is flexion?

Answer 22

movement at joint when the angle decrease

Question 23

What is extension?

Answer 23

movement at joint when the angle increases

Question 24

What is abduction?

Answer 24

movement away from the midline

Question 25

What is adduction?

Answer 25

movement toward the midline

Question 26

What is medial rotation?

Answer 26

towards the middle of the body

Question 27

What is circumduction?

Answer 27

circular movement at a joint

Question 27

What is lateral rotation?

Answer 27

away from the middle of the body

Question 28

What is plantarflexion?

Answer 28

extension at ankle where foot points down

Question 29

What is dorsiflexion?

Answer 29

flexion of the foot where the foot goes in upwards direction

Question 30

What are the 3 key functions of the muscular system?

Answer 30

1. creates movement 2. maintains good posture 3. Maintain bodily functions

Question 31

How does the muscular system create good movement?

Answer 31

The muscular system works in conjunction with the skeleton to produce movement of the limbs and body. It stabilises joints.

Question 32

How does the muscular system maintain good posture?

Answer 32

The muscular system continually makes adjustments to assist in maintaining good posture.

Question 33

How does the muscular system maintain bodily functions?

Answer 33

The muscular system allows many organs to function e.g. heart, intestines, eyes

Question 34

What are the 3 types of muscles and give and example of each:

Answer 34

1. Skeletal, e.g hamstrings 2. Smooth, e.g found in veins 3. Cardiac, e.g wall of heart

Question 35

What is the difference between involuntary and voluntary?

Answer 35

Involuntary - not under your control Voluntary - Under your control

Question 36

What is reciprocal inhibition?

Answer 36

Muscles working in pairs. As one muscle pulls, the other relaxes and lengthens to allow movement to occur

Question 37

What is the origin and insertion?

Answer 37

Origin - does not move as the muscle contracts (proximal) Insertion - attaches to movable bone

Question 38

What is the role of tendons in movement?

Answer 38

As a muscle contracts, the attached tendon pulls the bone into movement

Question 39

What is the role of skeletal in movement?

Answer 39

As a muscle contracts (shortens), the attached tendon pulls the bone and causes movement.

Question 40

Explain isotonic muscle contractions?

Answer 40

When a muscle length changes. It can be concentric (muscle length shortens), or be eccentric (muscle length lengthens). Isometric means length does not change.

Question 41

What are antagonist pairs?

Answer 41

Muscles that work together contracting and relaxing. Agonist contracts (shortens), antagonist relaxes (lengthens)

Question 42

What do antagonist pairs help with?

Answer 42

Control and speed of movement

Question 43

What are the characteristics of muscle fibres?