PEA - muscular and skeletal system Flashcards
What are the main functions of the skeletal system
support, posture, protection, movement, blood cell production, storage of minerals
Describe the function support
skeleton keeps the body upright and provides a framework for muscle and tissue attachment.
Describe the function movement
the skeleton allows movement of the body as a whole and its individual parts.
Describe the function blood cell production
certain bones in the skeleton contain bone marrow which produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
Describe the function protection
the bones of the skeleton protect the internal organs and reduce the risk of injury on impact
Describe the function posture
the skeleton gives the correct shape to our body.
Describe the function storage of minerals
the bones store minerals and release them into the blood when the body needs to use them.
Describe the function of joints
A joint is a point in the body at which two bones meet, they allow the skeleton to hold together and to move
What are the three joints?
- Fibrous (fixed/immovable)
- Cartilaginous (slightly moveable)
- Synovial ( freely moveable)
What are the functions of connective tissue (tendon)?
-Muscles are attached to bone by tendons
-very strong
-allow muscle to pull on a bone to move it
What are the functions of connective tissue (ligaments)?
-help keep the joint together
-stabilise the joints during movement -can absorb shock
What are the functions of connective tissue (cartilage)?
-soft, spongy connective tissue
-cushions the joint
-prevents friction
What are the three connective tissues?
1.Ligaments (connecting bone to bone)
2. Tendon ( connecting muscle to bone)
3. cartilage ( protecting the surface of the bones )
What is a pivot joint?
Synovial joint that allow bones to rotate only
What is a ball and socket joint?
a synovial joint, it allows movements in all directions
What is a condyloid joint?
a type of synovial joint that allows movement in most directions
What is a hinge joint?
a type of synovial joint that allows joint to flex and extend only
What is the role of cartilage connective tissue?
cushion the joint and prevent friction
What is the role of tendon connective tissue?
attach to muscles that control movement of the joint
What is the role of ligament connective tissue?
give the joints their stability
What is a dislocation?
Injury resulting in two bones seperate
What is flexion?
movement at joint when the angle decrease
What is extension?
movement at joint when the angle increases
What is abduction?
movement away from the midline
What is adduction?
movement toward the midline
What is medial rotation?
towards the middle of the body
What is circumduction?
circular movement at a joint
What is lateral rotation?
away from the middle of the body
What is plantarflexion?
extension at ankle where foot points down
What is dorsiflexion?
flexion of the foot where the foot goes in upwards direction
What are the 3 key functions of the muscular system?
- creates movement
- maintains good posture
- Maintain bodily functions
How does the muscular system create good movement?
by working with the skeleton. It stabilises joints.
How does the muscular system maintain good posture?
The muscular system continually makes adjustments to assist in maintaining good posture.
How does the muscular system maintain bodily functions?
The muscular system allows many organs to function e.g. heart, intestines, eyes
What are the 3 types of muscles and give and example of each:
- Skeletal, e.g hamstrings
- Smooth, e.g found in veins
- Cardiac, e.g wall of heart
What is the difference between involuntary and voluntary?
Involuntary - not under your control
Voluntary - Under your control
What is reciprocal inhibition?
Muscles working in pairs. As one muscle pulls, the other relaxes and lengthens to allow movement to occur
What is the origin and insertion?
Origin - does not move as the muscle contracts (proximal)
Insertion - attaches to movable bone
What is the role of tendons in movement?
As a muscle contracts, the attached tendon pulls the bone into movement
What is the role of skeletal in movement?
As a muscle contracts (shortens), the attached tendon pulls the bone and causes movement.
Explain isotonic muscle contractions?
When a muscle length changes. It can be concentric (muscle length shortens), or be eccentric (muscle length lengthens). Isometric means length does not change.
What are antagonist pairs?
Muscles that work together contracting and relaxing. Agonist contracts (shortens), antagonist relaxes (lengthens)
What do antagonist pairs help with?
Control and speed of movement
